Development of a class hour and presentation on the topic “How to become a tolerant person”

“I’m not tolerant - I care,” read the lines from a song by a well-known Russian musician. I couldn't agree more. Tolerance is not synonymous with indifference. Tolerance presupposes the ability and ability to respect, accept and recognize the rights of other people, their interests, tastes, and freedom. But one cannot be tolerant of such concepts as aggression, violence, cruelty.

Universal human values ​​are life, freedom, health, family. But does someone who destroys or takes other lives have the right to life? Where is the line of tolerance? Does she exist? How to find her? Let's figure it out.

Origin of the term

The term “tolerance” is borrowed from medicine, where it means the body getting used to something, increasing resistance, reducing the protective function. For example, in the context of considering the problem of alcoholism, the concept of “increasing the body’s tolerance to alcohol” is used - an increase in the dose tolerated by the body without serious consequences. That is, a weakening of the immune response to some aggressor.

In medicine, a constant increase in tolerance inevitably leads a living organism to death due to the completely lost ability to fight irritants and produce protective antibodies. Literally, “tolerance” is translated from Latin as “endure, get used to.”

With medicine, everything is clear: tolerance does not promise anything good, it is a bad phenomenon. What does psychology say about this? Why do we love to cultivate tolerance in children and what do we mean by this concept? In psychology and sociology, tolerance means tolerance for a different way of life, different needs of people, a different worldview, behavior, customs, traditions, habits, and faith. “We are all people, and we are equal to each other!” - the motto of the classical idea of ​​tolerance.

At the present stage of development of society, tolerance is no longer interpreted so clearly:

• The ability to come to terms with unpleasant beliefs and actions of other people that are different from ours.
• Psychological stability in difficult life situations.
• Recognition, respect, understanding and acceptance of the cultural diversity of society, individual and personal characteristics of people (the classic idea of ​​tolerance within the framework of many nations, cultures, faiths, health, and so on).
• Tolerance for everything that happens in society.
• “This is his life. Let him do what he wants. It doesn’t bother me and that’s okay.”

Unfortunately, tolerance in the modern concept is increasingly being approached by the term “indifference” (a decrease or complete disappearance of emotional and behavioral mental response to external unfavorable factors). We have learned so well to recognize the rights of other people, to accept any way of life, that we have become tolerant of maniacs, alcoholics, fights under the windows of the house, children wandering, rudeness, and hooliganism.

I understand that your life is always more valuable. Moreover, as a rule, it is connected with several more lives. But in my opinion, the medical concept of tolerance is now applicable in psychology. Interestingly, even in official documents at the federal and national levels, the term “tolerance” has recently been replaced with the term “tolerance.” Isn't it dangerous to be tolerant?

How to cultivate tolerance and why is it even needed?

When the Nazis captured the communists , I was silent: I was not a communist. When they imprisoned the Social Democrats , I was silent: I was not a Social Democrat. When they grabbed members of the trade union , I was silent: I was not a member of the trade union. When they came for me, there was no one to stand up for me .

Martin Niemöller

In some ways, each of us is different from the majority. And at least once in my life I experienced the unpleasant feeling that it was difficult for others to accept us for who we are.

Tolerance is when there is no rejection, intransigence, or fear of what is different from the world we are used to. There are different types of intolerance. For example, Nazism (when intolerance is manifested towards representatives of a different race), xenophobia (rejection of foreigners), homophobia (intolerance towards homosexuality). Some types of tolerance do not have a special name. For example, when in class they laugh and mock a classmate who has a different hairstyle, figure, or preference in music.

Why does intolerance arise?

1. 1. Something may be stigmatized by society . And we, without really thinking about this topic, or in fear of becoming different from everyone else, assign certain stereotypes and intolerance.
2. 2. We may know little about a certain subject . Since nature abhors a vacuum, we fill the lack of information with stereotypes, ideas and conjectures heard somewhere. Which can be the cause of a negative attitude and fear towards what we know little about.
3. 3. We may be afraid that other people, towards whom we are intolerant, may somehow infringe on our rights, interfere with us in some way, or oppress us.
4. 4. And finally, another reason for intolerance may be the desire to generalize people according to a certain characteristic. Because it’s easier and clearer to perceive the world this way. It is much more difficult to remember that we are all different. Moreover, a specific representative of a stigmatized minority does not necessarily correspond to our stereotypes about representatives of this minority.

How to cultivate tolerance?

It is logical to assume that if you look at where intolerance comes from, you can suggest possible ways to prevent it. Namely: to look for objective information about the subject and reflect on our conjectures and stereotypes that we have developed by this time about this subject.

It is important to cultivate tolerance in children

Accordingly, if we want to help children or adolescents cultivate tolerance, for example, towards representatives of another nation, the first thing we need to do is help them think about these representatives of another nation. What kind of nation are they, exactly? For example, we can classify everyone who came to Russia “to work” as “Tajiks”. At the same time, the majority of foreigners living in the Ramensky district who came to work are Kumyks. What do we know about the Kumyks? If we know a little more about the subject of intolerance, perhaps the other person's behavior will become more understandable to us. And then there will be less intolerance towards him.

The second thing to do is to help children think about why the negative attitude arose. It is important to ask children questions about what scares them. How do these people threaten them, towards whom they may be intolerant? And help debunk the myths that they can actually hinder them.

At the same time, the important point is that we ourselves, adults, should be independent of these stereotypes and be as tolerant of the subject under discussion as possible. Otherwise the conversation will not work. Because unconsciously we will push children towards our point of view, even if we ourselves do not notice it.

Finally, it is important to talk to children about how generalizing is like walking on thin ice. We will get through somewhere, but at some point the ice will definitely break and we will be in trouble. Generalizations never adequately describe reality. And a person’s belonging to a certain community does not always determine his traits. For example, not all gay men are feminine. Not all Russians drink vodka. Not all Jews are greedy. You can even play a game with your children: who can name more generalizations that do not correspond to reality?

Why do you need to be tolerant?

Why cultivate tolerance?

A high level of tolerance in society allows its representatives to express themselves as they are. Allows you not to be ashamed of it, to express yourself freely.

Our tolerance for other people helps them not to be ashamed of themselves, their origins, their tastes and interests. This means it allows you to be happy and realize your personal potential. This is important because the more people can realize themselves, the more happy people there will be around us.

The author of the article is psychologist, psychotherapist Svetlana Sergeevna Strokova.

Types and levels of tolerance

Tolerance can be:

• political;
• gender;
• pedagogical (level of education, intellectual development);
• age (but “he’s a child” is not an excuse for cruelty);
• religious;
• in relation to people with special needs.

Remember how easily children make acquaintances (age, gender, race, status are not important to them), of course, if the parents did not have time to instill in the child the difference. Why is this happening? From birth, we are all given the ability to tolerate, the so-called natural tolerance, but with age we lose it. This feature is associated with the functioning of the psyche at an early age: the child does not separate himself from the outside world.

Tolerance levels include:

1. Personal tolerance. Implies a broad worldview, respect and understanding of the value of the right of every person to realize their potential in any way.
2. Social tolerance. Creation by the individual of an appropriate social circle that shares his views on tolerance and maintains social balance. Internal beliefs pass into a system of behavior and direct the activity of the individual.
3. Moral tolerance. A person learns to restrain his emotions and behavior in a situation where social norms or internal beliefs require it, despite negatively irritating external conditions. Wisdom, logic and self-regulation help with this. You can counteract, but in a socially acceptable way, and not by becoming like external stimuli.
4. Moral tolerance. A person tries to enter into the position of another (“external stimulus”), to understand the motives of his behavior. If this is successful, then self-control acquires an internal basis, rather than conditional adherence to norms. The previous level helps to avoid conflicts (difficult situations), and this level allows you to resolve conflicts and find common ground (“I understand you, but you also understand me”).

Tolerance can be low (irritation from the whole world), medium (patience for the advantages and disadvantages of some people, the desire to communicate), high (full acceptance of those with whom a person communicates, pleasure from communication, comfort from life). It is important that tolerance creates comfortable living conditions. When we hate and don’t understand everything around us, then “everything infuriates us” - what a pleasure that is. When we blindly accept everything, we can deprive ourselves of comfort, creating dangerous conditions around us, spreading fear. And only with high, but correct tolerance, with a selective attitude towards our environment, we live happily, in harmony and comfort with ourselves and society.

Thus, to be tolerant is to want to understand, understand, find common ground with another person; interest in the unknown. And only in the process of analysis does a person decide: to accept or not to accept, whether he understands it or not. A good example of tolerance is the desire to understand the traditions of other cultures, interest in customs, comparison with one’s own culture.

Is tolerance necessary?

In my opinion, you need to be tolerant, but you cannot be tolerant. Yes, we must recognize the rights of other cultures and nations, the special needs of people with disabilities. But we should not be tolerant of unconditional evil. By this I mean any lifestyle that interferes with other people and the individual himself, that is, an antisocial lifestyle.

And yes, you need to be resilient to the difficulties of life, but you cannot be tolerant. You need to take an active tolerant position, so to speak:

• We should not have a lack of reaction to something that contradicts the norms of society or our personal beliefs.
• Complete tolerance is death, in our case - moral, moral, psychological. In some cases, perhaps physical death.
• Through tolerance, one can achieve the point that a person will completely stop resisting external stimuli, but will blindly absorb into himself, accept into his inner world everything that is given to him, or regularly underestimate the necessary living conditions. This is what we see in modern society.

In engineering, “tolerance” means “permissible deviation without affecting functionality or value.” I think this can be adopted. “You won’t surprise anyone with this” – I would call the main thought of our society. That is why I propose to consider tolerance as an acceptable deviation that does not affect functionality: do with yourself what you want, but in such a way that it does not deprive you of personal value, social significance and does not interfere with society. We no longer react to tattoos, piercings, extreme entertainment. It's just a shell. Tolerance for the inner world of people is much more important.

We have become so open to everything new that we have forgotten about selectivity. You can't accept everything that comes your way. You need to analyze, you need to have a stable system of values ​​and views. You need to build personal boundaries. There must be something you will never accept in people. But we are by no means talking about a nation, faith or health characteristics, we are talking about personal qualities.

For example, I do not accept insults and shouting. They are not and will not be in my house, otherwise I will leave it. There are no people around me who feed on this. Firstly, I don’t accept this, which means I don’t behave like that, and secondly, attempts are stopped or people are cut off. Someone will regard this position as coldness or rudeness. Let's be tolerant: everyone has the right to their opinion. But with a person for whom insults are the value and norm of life, we are not on the same path. “I’m tolerant, but I care” – I’ll paraphrase the thought with which I started this article:

• I am not tolerant of those who abuse animals, but I am tolerant of the mental characteristics of these people and their childhood traumas or pedagogical neglect.
• I could understand and accept their pain, but not the consequences and not the unwillingness to deal with their problems.

Being tolerant and being tolerant and indifferent are two different things. The examples can be continued indefinitely. For example, you need to be tolerant of taste preferences in music (some people listen to rock, some classics, some rap). It doesn’t matter what genre gives a person inner harmony, if it doesn’t affect social behavior, then why not. You may not understand how they listen to it, but you can simply accept it. But if music is screaming under the windows and doesn’t let you sleep, then it doesn’t matter at all what genre it is, what’s important is people’s antisocial behavior. There can be no talk of acceptance here, because in this context it gives rise to permissiveness.

tolerance or learning to sympathize!

A Lesson in Tolerance

Topic: “A lesson in tolerance or learning to sympathize”

Goal: to give the concept of tolerance, to promote the development of sympathy and empathy in children.

Objective: to develop in children a love of peace, acceptance and understanding of other people, and the ability to interact positively with them.

Relevance of the problem : today the values ​​and principles necessary for common survival and free development are brought to the fore (the ethics and strategy of non-violence, the idea of ​​tolerance for foreign and alien positions, values, cultures, the idea of ​​dialogue and mutual understanding, the search for mutually acceptable compromises, etc. ).

Board design: poster “This is interesting or once again about tolerance” (see Appendix 1), expressions of great people about tolerance (see Appendix 2)

Plan

Introductory conversation

Main part. Definition of the concepts of “tolerance”, “tolerant person” Analysis of statements and situations.

Games.

Results.

Homework

During the classes

Introductory conversation ( identifying children's experience)

Imagine that your boyfriend or girlfriend received a bad grade and was very upset.

Teacher: What would you do in such a situation?

Student: We will calm you down.

Teacher: In other words, you will sympathize with your friend. And why? Study: Friends

Teacher: Please remember situations from your life in which you would sympathize with someone.

Studying: trying to remember and give examples.

Teacher: Well done, guys! The topic of our lesson is “A lesson in tolerance or learning to sympathize.”

So, we have found out that to sympathize means to empathize, to strive to help.

Main part

Introduction of the concept of tolerance

Teacher: The word “sympathy” has a word very close in meaning – “tolerance”. The concept of “tolerance” is broader. It means “the ability, the ability to endure, to put up with other people’s opinions, to be lenient towards the actions of other people.”

So, empathy = tolerance.

How do you understand “the ability to endure and put up with other people’s opinions”?

Learn: Listen to other people.

Teacher: Correct. In other words, this means being able to listen to other people, understanding and recognizing that every person has the right to their own opinion.

In the brief philosophical encyclopedia, this word is of Latin origin “tolerantia” - patience - tolerance for different views, morals, habits.

The etymology of the term “tolerance” (from the Latin tolerantia) goes back to the Latin verb tolero - “to carry, hold”, as well as “to carry, preserve, feed, stay.” The original meaning of tolero is “to carry, hold” something in one’s hands. Consequently, everything that we hold in our hands or carry through life requires from us efforts and the ability to “endure”, suffer, endure. All this is our “endurance” in relation to adverse external influences, patience. The word “tolerance” has almost the same meaning in different languages: in English – willingness to be tolerant; in French - an attitude when a person thinks and acts differently than you do; in Chinese - to be magnificent in relation to others; in Arabic - mercy, patience, compassion; in Russian - the ability to accept another as he is.

How to be tolerant

If your problem is in the classical concept of tolerance, that is, you do not know how to recognize the rights of other people to life, faith, style of music, nation, and so on, then here are some tips on how to be tolerant:

1. Tolerance is formed as a habit. The more often we are exposed to something and react in the same way to the stimulus, the stronger this stereotype of behavior is fixed in our consciousness, and then in the subconscious.
2. In each person, upon detailed analysis, traces of many races can be found. These tests, of course, are expensive, but as an alternative you can find books, articles, and videos on this topic. Genes, nationalities, races and nations are so mixed that it is impossible to find a 100% Russian person or a Turk, a German, a Ukrainian. Start with yourself.
3. Realize that tolerance is for you, not someone else. It provides a psychologically comfortable life. You cannot change the whole world the way you need it. So isn’t it easier for your own mental well-being to accept the characteristics of other people?
4. Would our world be the same if all people were the same? No. The people who create history are unique. Among them are many people with special health needs (Stephen Hawking, Ludwig van Beethoven, Alexey Maresyev) or from different nations (the famous and unsurpassed teacher Shalva Amonashvili). We can talk endlessly about countries and nations. For example, many foreign theories formed the basis of domestic psychology. Science, and therefore life, does not have the concept of “ours” and “yours”. There is a concept of general progress, consciousness, experience, culture. Start studying literature, especially scientific publications and history. Recognize the value of a “diverse” society.
5. Develop empathy. It is she who helps to understand other people, to stand in their place, to compare oneself with them.
6. The growth of tolerance is facilitated by personal communication with other people, living in another country, and working in a team. The most difficult thing is to force yourself to join such groups, meet other people, earn their favor and positively establish yourself. At first you will have to rely only on moral tolerance and self-regulation, but the more time you spend in conditions of the unknown and incomprehensible, the easier it will be to succeed, and tolerance will smoothly move to the moral level.
7. It is possible that you simply do not know how to communicate with people and are guilty of selfishness. Then you need to fight it.
8. Get rid of stereotypes and prejudices. Receive and process information about other people yourself. Our level of tolerance is determined by our family upbringing and the environment in which we grew up. If, as adults, we notice a hole in this place, then we have to start all over again through self-education.
9. Don't criticize, but be interested. Make it a rule not to judge without understanding, without asking the question “why?”
10. Acceptance of others begins with self-acceptance. Perhaps you were not accepted as a child, and as an adult you cannot accept yourself.

So, a tolerant person:

• Knows himself, adequately evaluates himself and the people around him, his strengths and weaknesses, knows how to recognize them, accept them, and, if necessary, correct them.
• Thinks positively and is confident in his own abilities. Knows that he can cope with any difficulties.
• Bears responsibility for his life, actions and their consequences. Does not shift responsibility to other people or circumstances.
• Strives for self-realization in work, society, creativity, that is, all aspects of life.
• Has a developed sense of humor and self-irony.

While a person who is not distinguished by tolerance:

• He sees advantages in himself, and only disadvantages in others. Blames people for this.
• Anxious, unsure of himself. Constantly remains in a feeling of fear, afraid of himself, the world, the environment (although he does not always realize or admit this).
• Transfers responsibility for failures.
• Lack of initiative, passive, does not strive for self-realization.
• Reacts painfully to jokes, especially directed at himself. He uses black humor himself.

It is obvious that it is possible to achieve tolerance only through self-knowledge and self-development, as well as through active practical interaction with the world.

How to develop tolerance?

If people can't stand each other, they become angry and frustrated. In a society filled with hatred, a person begins to feel constrained and is more susceptible to depression. Discrimination makes life miserable not only for those who are subjected to it, but also for all members of society. The ability to accept each other's differences can have a positive impact on a person's well-being. Tolerance removes barriers and allows you to think more broadly. Tolerance also leads to a reduction in stress and promotes the development of empathy.

Here are some tips to help you become more tolerant:

• Remind yourself that you are safe [8 Tips to Build Tolerance in Your Life]. If other people think differently and their opinion is different from yours, this does not mean that you are wrong. Just like the fact that you simply need to defend your beliefs, otherwise you will be attacked. You have nothing to fear.
• Speak for yourself. Try to express your thoughts more accurately and on your own behalf. For example, “I disagree that..., I have a different opinion...” You should not engage the person in an offensive debate: “You are stupid if you think that!” and so on.
• Avoid insults and personalization (this is precisely about intolerance). Try to learn more to understand another point of view. Ask for more details and explain that you would like to understand how the other person came to this opinion.
• Be calm. Don't swear, curse or shout. This can significantly escalate the situation and turn it into a real conflict.
• Look for common ground [HOW TO BECOME MORE TOLERANT]. If at first glance you cannot find anything in common, especially if you are annoyed by the person and you dislike him, put off hasty conclusions about him. Try to discern even the most minimal similarity between you. Perhaps you like the same music, books, or prefer similar movies. There are always points of contact. If they are not visible, this does not mean that they are not there. Remember this.

And one more very important tip:

• Watch your reactions. Our eyes, facial expressions and gestures tell the truth. Body language is the same way of communication. For example, when you feel contempt, you sigh and roll your eyes. Such reactions indicate intolerance and reveal your train of thought. In this case, it becomes obvious that you believe that the other person's opinion is completely useless, and as if you are saying that you are better than him.

Nothing can be achieved without additional effort, including tolerance. Yes, sometimes it is difficult to understand some people, cultures and completely different points of view. But such diversity helps us look at the world more broadly and see that the truth usually lies somewhere “in the middle.”

Training to develop tolerance

I bring to your attention E. S. Arbuzova’s training on the development of tolerance. Exercises can be used either separately or in combination. They are suitable for adults and older teenagers. It is recommended to conduct training in a group.

"Greetings"

Training participants are encouraged to greet each other as is customary in different countries. For example, a handshake and eye-to-eye look from Germany, rubbing noses from Eskimos, and so on.

At the end of the exercise, it is recommended to share your impressions. This activity is especially useful in multicultural classes, groups, and teams. You can invite a representative from each culture to introduce their traditional greeting to others.

"What's in my name"

This exercise will allow you to look at yourself outside the box and teach you how to communicate with others. You need to write your name on the sheet, but backwards. Now you need to choose a word for each letter, but so that together you get some parting words, a message. If there are not enough letters in your name, you can ask someone for an extra letter. But you can’t ask for a specific one, you need to take the one they give.

"Telegram"

It is advisable to carry out the exercise in groups of at least 6 people. In each group, the initials of the participants (first and last name) are written down. The task is to compose a message from all the initials.

"Presentation"

Participants are divided into pairs. The task is to communicate with each other, and then introduce (present, describe, tell) your communication partner.

An alternative option is to first have one member of the pair tell a story about a fictional character with his real name. Then the partner tries to guess the real facts about the previous storyteller. Guess how he sees the world, what is valuable to him, what worries him, and so on. Our fantasies and fictitious stories most accurately convey the current state of our inner world. Whether we like it or not, the subconscious will take the reins. Especially when the hero of the fairy tale has the same name as ours. So all that remains is to listen carefully to your interlocutor.

"Detective"

The exercise is carried out in pairs. Participants are not allowed to talk. It is only allowed to show each other 6 (more or less) personal items. The task of the second participant in the pair is to create a description of the personality of his partner in these subjects. The partner denies or confirms the statements.

"Describe me"

Participants in pairs communicate with each other for 5 minutes. After this, they turn away from each other and write a mini-article (description), where they record the external, individual, behavioral characteristics of the partner. The partner denies or confirms the statements. The exercise develops observation, intuition, memory, empathy; improves relationships and mutual understanding of participants.

"The sun shines for those who..."

One of the participants goes to the center of the circle and says “The sun shines for those who ...” (names his advantage or disadvantage, predilection, sympathy or antipathy, and so on). If there is someone in the group with the same statement, then he goes into the circle and pronounces his statement. At the end there is reflection (which came as a surprise, what we have in common, am I happy about this).

Alternative option: the participant names the fact to himself, but in the form “those who have a sister will clap their hands.” He claps himself and looks to see who else has sisters. Statements can be very different, as can subsequent actions. The goal is to get to know each other better, find common ground, accept shortcomings, and emphasize strengths.

Group discussion “Tolerant personality. Intolerant personality. Boundaries of Tolerance.”

A workshop for preschool teachers builds tolerance in working with children.

Target

• Promoting the creation in a preschool institution of conditions for the formation of tolerant attitudes among teachers and children.

Tasks

• Introduce educators to the concept of tolerance as a fundamental social value.
• Consider the concepts of “tolerance”, “intolerance”, “tolerant personality”, “boundaries of tolerance”.
• To promote the development of social sensitivity, trust, and the ability to listen to each other.
• Offer teachers games to increase self-esteem in children.
• Increase self-esteem by receiving positive feedback and support from the group.

In the scientific literature, tolerance is viewed as respect and recognition of equality, rejection of domination and violence, recognition of the diversity of cultures, norms, and beliefs of the human community. Tolerance involves a willingness to accept others as they are and to interact with them in a consensual way.

Each link in the community contributes to the upbringing of children, during which, in any case, values ​​are transmitted. The key role in raising children belongs to the family, kindergarten, and school. A kindergarten is a place of socialization and a center of community, a place of introduction to social values. In order to become a place of relationships built on the values ​​of tolerance, the kindergarten sets certain goals for education in the spirit of tolerance. Teachers need to master the appropriate methods for forming tolerant relationships in children’s environment, and master ways of effectively interacting with children in the spirit of tolerance and trust.

1. Exercise “We are alike!”

Target :

· creating a relaxed, friendly atmosphere in the group;

· increasing intra-group trust and cohesion among group members.

Procedure: Group members sit in a circle. The host invites one of the participants into the circle based on any real or imagined similarity with himself. For example: “Please come out to me those who have the same hair color as me (or we are similar in that we are inhabitants of the Earth, or we are the same height, etc.).” The game continues until all group members are in a circle.

Exercise “Tolerant personality”.

Target:

· introduce participants to the main features of a tolerant personality;

· give teachers the opportunity to assess the degree of their tolerance.

Materials: questionnaire forms for each participant (see appendix).

Procedure: Participants receive questionnaire forms. The presenter explains that the 15 characteristics listed in the questionnaire are characteristic of a tolerant person.

Instructions: First, in column A, put:

“+” opposite the three traits that, in your opinion, are most pronounced in you;

“0” is opposite the three traits that are least pronounced in you;

Then in column B put:

“+” opposite those three traits that, in your opinion, are most characteristic of a tolerant person;

This form will remain with you and no one will know about the results, so you can answer honestly, without looking at anyone.

You are given 3-5 minutes to fill out the questionnaire.

Then the facilitator fills out a pre-prepared questionnaire form attached to the board. To do this, he asks to raise the hands of those who noted the first quality B. The number of respondents is counted and entered in the form column. In the same way, the number of responses for each quality is calculated. Those three qualities that scored the highest number of points are the core of a tolerant personality (from the point of view of this group).

Participants get the opportunity to:

1. Compare the idea of ​​the tolerant personality of each group member with the general group idea.
2. Compare your self-image (“+” in column “A”) with the portrait of a tolerant personality created by the group.

Exercise “Magic bag”.

Target:

· working with the concept of “tolerance” using an associative series;

• development of imagination, creative thinking.

Materials : a basket or bag with small items (for example, Kinder Surprise toys, badges, etc.). The number of items must exceed the number of group members.

Procedure: The leader walks in a circle with a “magic” bag containing various small objects. Participants, without looking into the bag, take one item. When everyone is ready, the facilitator invites everyone to find some connection between this subject and the concept of tolerance. The story begins with the participant who first received the toy. For example: “I got a ball. It reminds me of the globe. I think tolerance should be spread throughout the world.”

1. Exercise “Emblem of Tolerance”.

Target:

· continued work with definitions of tolerance;

· development of imagination, expressive ways of self-expression.

Materials : paper, colored pencils or markers, scissors, tape.

Procedure: Participants will have to create an emblem of tolerance.

Everyone will try to independently draw an emblem that could be printed on dust jackets, national flags... The drawing process takes 5-7 minutes. After completing the work, the participants look at each other’s drawings (to do this, you can walk around the room). After viewing the work of others, participants must break into subgroups based on the similarities between the drawings. It is important that each participant independently decides to join a particular group. Each of the resulting subgroups must explain what is common in their drawings and put forward a slogan that would reflect the essence of their emblems (discussion - 3-5 minutes). The final stage of the exercise is the presentation of the emblems of each subgroup.

For the successful formation of tolerant attitudes at the personal level, it is important to know what the main differences between tolerant and intolerant personalities are. Psychologists believe that an intolerant personality is characterized by the idea of ​​one’s own exclusivity, the desire to transfer responsibility to the environment, high anxiety, the need for strict order, and the desire for strong power. A tolerant person is a person who knows himself well and recognizes others. Showing empathy and compassion is the most important value of a tolerant society and a trait of a tolerant person.

Group discussion “Tolerant personality. Intolerant personality. Boundaries of Tolerance.”

— What manifestations of tolerance and intolerance have you encountered in your life? (from the participants’ experience)

— What manifestations of tolerance and intolerance in the history of mankind have you encountered?

— Where are the boundaries of a tolerant attitude?

It is advisable to start dealing with the problem of tolerance from the senior preschool age, since it is then that the value foundations of the worldview are laid, this age is sensitive for the education of morality.

The content of this activity for children could be based on the following:

1. Formation of the child’s ideas about himself as a unique, valuable, inimitable personality.
2. The development of ideas about other people based on comparing oneself with them, highlighting similarities and differences.
3. Communicating knowledge about the world around us in accordance with the basic program (features of culture, everyday life, way of life, family life...)
4. Formation of internal and external legal culture so that the main moral qualities (justice, respect, compassion, self-esteem, goodwill) become an integral part of the life of preschoolers.

In order for the work on developing tolerance in preschoolers to be fruitful, it is necessary to involve a wide range of events and different types of activities for preschoolers. This is a huge daily job for teachers.

The foundations of tolerance are laid in preschoolers during work in the classroom, during leisure time, in everyday life, and in play activities.

In developing tolerance in preschoolers, it is necessary to use game methods, since play is the main activity of preschool children.

I offer several games that can be played with preschool children to increase self-esteem, cultivate goodwill, and respect for each other.