Worldview, worldview and worldview

What is attitude

Worldview, attitude is a person’s idea of the world that surrounds him. This is a system of beliefs, faith in a certain image of the world based on views, ideas, assessments, experiences, principles. Organized, purposeful human activity is formed on the basis of the worldview.

Attitude is the emotional and psychological basis of a worldview, awareness, during which information is transformed and two types of perception are formed:

ordinary - a person gains an opinion about the preferred lifestyle, others, family, work, etc.;
theoretical - knowledge of oneself and the meaning of life according to scientific and philosophical data.

Worldview is the unification of all levels of perception of reality into one system of values, knowledge, emotional reactions and life position, which is confirmed practically.

Hierarchical structure of worldview

Humanity continually accumulates knowledge, creating culture. Starting from childhood, a person forms an idea of the world under the influence of personal characteristics of perception, including upbringing, temperament, intelligence, local mentality, etc.

Worldview is a hierarchical structure of a person’s beliefs, consisting of many levels. At each step of this pyramid, beliefs have a relatively greater or lesser degree of confidence in a person. They can be presented in the form of a diagram, which is based on facts verified by personal experience; at a higher and less “solid” level there will be facts from the lives of familiar people, and the very top will be occupied only by theory, assumptions about the unknown sphere of the world.

Belief Levels

The basis of ideas about the world has the most ancient roots, contains the most necessary information for life and is confirmed by the knowledge of people of other eras. Basic-level beliefs were formed as a result of personal knowledge of the world, so they are the most durable. The senses are the most reliable indicators that are not questioned.

The next level of worldview and understanding of the world is based on information coming from society. The useful function of this type of belief is that people are able to enrich each other's worldview and use their time rationally for self-development, without spending it on what has been explored by others. But if the information conveyed contradicts fundamental confirmed knowledge, it cannot be placed at the base of the belief pyramid. And the data gleaned in this way takes its appropriate place, in this case, relatively closer to the theory.

At the highest level of worldview are essentially theoretical beliefs. They are more complex because they are based on information from previous levels. Creating a theory requires the observation and debate of generations combined with the mind of a genius. It is thanks to mastery of a theoretical worldview that an annual increase in human life expectancy, as well as the development of high technologies, is possible.

It should be said that the highest level of belief is the most disordered. There are many unproven theories, prejudices, erroneous hypotheses, and superstitions that penetrate the consciousness due to a lack of knowledge and become features of the worldview. Evaluations complement this type of belief. Man himself paints subjective reality in the colors he wants to see.

FEATURES OF THE WORLD PERCEPTION OF PEOPLE EXPERIENCED SUDDEN LOSS

Worldview is a person’s perception of the external factors of the reality surrounding him and a kind of elaboration, some kind of thinking and feeling (at the internal personal level) of the influence of these factors on the thoughts, feelings, actions, deeds, behavior of a person, i.e. in general on his life. The context set by the research topic greatly narrows this concept. Of course, the experience of loss, like any other crisis, and sometimes extreme, situation in a person’s life, leaves a significant imprint on the perception of the world. The loss, being irreversible in any case, confronts a person with changes in his semantic structure. A person’s life values, attitude towards people, and towards himself often change. This event also affects the areas of the meaning of life and religious views. A person may think about something that he had never thought about before; he may now begin to pay attention to those aspects or topics that thoughts about which had not even occurred to him before the unfortunate events in his life. Of course, some areas may remain unchanged, since experiencing loss is an individual process, and, therefore, everything that happens to a person during the period of grief is also individual. But in each unique case, it is possible to find and highlight certain general patterns inherent in most people. Among the features of worldview, 4 groups of features characteristic of those experiencing loss were identified: basic beliefs, attitude towards death, attitude towards oneself, value-semantic sphere.

The goal of our work was: to identify general patterns of the characteristics of the worldview of people experiencing a sudden loss. The study involved 75 people aged 18 to 64 years. Of these: 36 men and 39 women. Range of time since loss: from 5 days to 10 years. Research methods: questionnaire “Basic Beliefs Scale” by R. Yanoff-Bulman; “Value orientations” method by M. Rokeach; interview “Experiencing and coping with loss” (E. A. Burina); a questionnaire aimed at identifying the “significance” and “severity of experience” of the features of worldview, created on the basis of analyzes of interview texts (E.

A. Burina).

The data were processed by 3-way analysis of variance ANOVA in SPSS and qualitative content analysis. During a detailed analysis of the data obtained, the following patterns were identified.

1. During the experience of loss, basic beliefs undergo changes at the time point from 1 to 2 years after the loss situation. Further changes in basic beliefs are determined by individual character.

2. The theme of “attitude to death and what happens after it”, as well as the theme of “fear of death” is especially difficult for those grieving, regardless of the time that has passed since the loss due to the special relevance and significance of these topics, their possible “ lack of elaboration" to the situation of the loss of a loved one, the lack of a clear position regarding the issues raised. This position is gradually developed and/or changes in the course of experiencing and coping with loss.

3. “Attitude towards oneself” changes throughout the experience of loss. According to the results of the study, no patterns in the directions of changes in attitude towards oneself were identified; these changes are individually determined.

4. Those experiencing loss name the main significant values: having good and faithful friends, a happy family life, wisdom in life, cheerfulness.

5. Women tend to experience loss more smoothly and evenly than men, i.e. men, unlike women, are more likely to experience certain periods of emotional decline or, conversely, explosions.

6. All subjects, over a period of time from 8 months to 1 year, experience the phenomenon of a “secondary journey through grief,” in which the grieving person re-experiences similar emotions and feelings to those that he experienced at first after the loss of a loved one, since the work of grief goes in a spiral, and by the age of 1 the first cycle of experiencing loss is completed.

>> Source:
ANANEVSKIE READINGS 2009 (Second edition).
MODERN PSYCHOLOGY: METHODOLOGY, PA-RADIGMS, THEORIES (Issue 2). 2009 January 24, 2020 General psychology, personality psychology, history of psychology

Development of worldview

Established thinking protects against inappropriate actions, but at the same time it does not allow you to look at life from a different angle. View provides mental stability, without which a person feels insecure, unprotected, and like a hermit.

Adequacy of thinking is the most valuable thing a person has, but it is more common for people to adhere to their illusions rather than care about the “purity of their brains.”

Worldview is not capable of developing without sufficient interest in objective reality, including the manifestation of mental processes - self-awareness. The effectiveness and integrity of the worldview will depend on the degree of versatility of interests, for which narrowly focused mystical and paranormal ideas, unconfirmed by experience, and conditioned states of dependence are undesirable.

A particular direction is well practiced using a well-established scientific method. Information should be questioned and verified by personal experience, and not taken by faith.

Worldview is associated with curiosity, the ability to be surprised, a sense of unity with nature, involvement in history, reverence, admiration and other facets of human consciousness.

Mentality - psychology

Worldview in psychology is a characteristic specificity of the mental life of a certain society. To reveal it, a system of views, assessments, and mindset is used, although such a worldview cannot completely coincide with a person’s thought, action, or word. Studying what human mentality is, psychologists were able to identify four types:

Barbarian - high survival rate, endurance, active sexual behavior, fearlessness in the face of the risk of death, this is a kind of winner's mentality.
Aristocratic - independence, pride, aristocracy, desire for external gloss, high morality.
Intelsky - disdain for convenience, comfort, high performance, strong fear of death, pain.
Bourgeois - frugality, economy, workaholism, mental stinginess, insincerity.

At the same time, as social relations developed, the typology of individual worldview took shape and changed: it was possible to change the mentality, supplement it with new features, and deprive it of unviable aspects. Today such types are extremely rarely found in their pure form. Rather, they contribute to the creation of interesting combinations of traits in people’s characters and help color the mental consciousness of nations.

Mentality - philosophy

Mentality is a set of socio-psychological characteristics of a person; it is different for different groups of people or social groups. Part of this worldview is a sense of belonging. Great thinkers and philosophers believed that the national spirit is based on patriotism and a sense of homeland. A person’s conscious belonging to a certain ethnic group or nation awakens his spirituality.

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Mentality in philosophy reflects a certain way of thinking, which can be of a group nature. The worldview consists of traditions, customs, rights, institutions, laws. All this is manifested with the help of the main tool, which is language. Worldview in philosophy is a certain mental equipment, a mental tool with the help of which representatives of a particular society can perceive their environment and themselves in their own way.