Authoritarian-liberal style
Such a manager believes that his employees are qualified workers who have sufficient knowledge and experience.
At the same time, this leadership style does not at all negate the responsibility of subordinates. A competent leader, trusting his employees, always controls and directs their work. And in case of violations, liability inevitably follows.
Therefore, liberalism in leadership has nothing to do with indifference and self-elimination.
The liberal leadership style is similar to the analogous leadership style, since all leadership is a form of leadership.
It also implies respect and understanding, but also provides for mutual responsibility.
Family influence
What are the features of raising children at home? They are directly dependent on many factors. If we consider the ideal option, then mom and dad, brothers and sisters, as well as loving grandparents should be near the baby. The process of raising children in a large, friendly family leads to the fact that they certainly grow up to be self-confident people, capable of solving assigned tasks and adhering to traditional spiritual values.
However, life often makes its own adjustments. One of the peculiarities of raising children in single-parent families is the lack of male influence. This is an extremely negative factor. It is worth noting that the father’s role in raising a child is quite high.
His presence is important not only for boys, but also for girls. A mother in a single-parent family needs to provide her child with an example of positive male images
In addition, the baby must have the opportunity to observe and communicate with his grandfather, uncle or older brother.
Sometimes a preschooler has both parents, but no brothers or sisters are expected to be born. These families have their own characteristics of raising a child. The main common mistake parents make in this case is excessive care and guardianship over their child. An only child often grows up to be an infantile person with inflated self-esteem. Subsequently, it becomes difficult for such a person to establish normal relationships with his peers, spouse and work colleagues. Parents raising an only child in the family should remember these dangers. To prevent narcissism and selfishness from becoming the main character traits, psychologists recommend creating certain conditions for raising children.
At the same time, it is important that such children always have communication with a group of peers. But it is worth keeping in mind that the best way to avoid the development of narcissism and selfishness is the birth of a brother or sister
There are a lot of problems in raising children in a family. After all, the features of this process are changeable and sometimes simply unpredictable. The fact is that throughout life, various circumstances, the financial capabilities of the family and the health of its members change.
At the same time, it is important for parents to use practical pedagogy and find an individual approach to their child. This will help overcome the difficulties of upbringing
But at the same time, we should not forget that the behavior of parents and their attitudes aimed at the child makes a significant contribution to the formation of the growing personality. This type of influence is called parenting style. Let's look at this in more detail.
Liberal democratic style
The liberal democratic style is characterized by the ability of subordinates to express and insist on their opinions. Such an opinion must be discussed in the team.
The leader listens to the opinion of the majority. His position can be expressed by the phrase “first among equals.”
Decisions in such a team are made in accordance with the opinion of the majority. The leader, even if his position is different from the position of the majority, retreats and agrees with the opinion of the team.
Liberal-permissive style
The liberal-permissive style is fundamentally different from the liberal leadership style. With connivance, we are talking about the fact that the leader is completely indifferent to what exactly and how exactly his subordinates are doing.
This style will inevitably lead to disaster and, at a minimum, the dismissal of the manager.
Thus, if the basis of the liberal style is the belief in the independence and responsibility of a person, but the basis of the liberal-permissive style is indifference towards a person and the results of his work.
Advantages and disadvantages
The democratic position of the leader, equally with the authoritarian and liberal positions, has its pros and cons.
Authoritarian leadership style - what is it, advantages and disadvantages
The advantages include the following:
- complete trust in the staff and mutual understanding;
- involving employees in the life of the company;
- team spirit unites and motivates the employee’s independence within the framework of his job responsibilities;
- joint decisions do not cause much dissatisfaction among employees;
- Non-standard approaches allow us to find answers to any given tasks.
The advantages include low staff turnover, job satisfaction and a favorable climate in the organization.
Attention! The decision-making procedure in a democratic leadership style (DSM) occurs at all levels of communication, both vertically (among managers) and horizontally (within the team).
One of the disadvantages of a democratic leadership style is the frequent difficulty in making a common decision and its correctness. In addition, the following can be considered as negative points:
- inability to make quick decisions in emergency situations;
- lack of strict centralization of control;
- emergence of new requirements for management quality.
Improper management of a manager can lead to abuse of freedom and manipulation by subordinates.
Liberal management style
The liberal management style is also characterized by a gentle attitude towards subordinates.
A leader with a liberal style voices everyone’s tasks to the team, but does not actually control their implementation.
Everyone works based on their own conscience and sense of duty. This management style can only be effective if there are certain frameworks.
If there are no such restrictions, then the liberal management style will only harm both the interests of the organization as a whole and the interests of the manager in particular.
Typical mistakes of a manager
There are cases when, for example, a democratic management style is desirable, moreover, it is the only development strategy for the team, and the enterprise as a whole, but the personal characteristics of the person in charge do not fit into the specified framework. In this case, annoying errors appear that stall the business and have a bad effect on the reputation:
- adherence to the principle “if you want to do it well, do it yourself” is the first mistake of managers at various levels;
- in contrast to the first, the principle “no matter what is done, everything is for the better” also leads to the collapse of the management system;
- bias due to personal hostility is something that a reasonable manager will never allow himself to do, because an employee is needed to help the company develop using their potential;
- “mental traps” of management can rightfully be considered the most annoying mistake;
- a painful perception of dissent that misses its potential and benefits;
- partial or selective ignoring of employee suggestions;
- disrespect for the employee’s personality, manifested in public censure of his opinion;
- The illogic of a manager’s actions always leads to decline rather than development.
Collegiality is the basis for the successful development and functioning of companies.
Liberal parenting style
The liberal style of raising children, including in the family, is, first of all, respect for the child, this is the vision in him, albeit small, but of a person.
The child is given the opportunity to plan his own time and determine his priorities. But no one relieves him of responsibility.
Having received such freedom, the child decides for himself, for example, when exactly to start completing the task: now or a little later.
In this case, there is no need to even voice the possibility of punishment. It is understood that the child already understands this.
If everything is in order, the task is done, then the child receives encouragement and learns to plan his time, and also gets used to responsibility for his decisions.
If not, then the parent applies punishment and continues similar tactics. As a result, the child develops discipline, develops thinking, and develops an awareness of responsibility.
Authoritative style: features, consequences, recommendations
The authoritative style of raising children is one of the most common among modern families. Its essence lies in the fact that both parents and children live according to the same family laws. In families that adhere to such a development system, the elders are more loyal to the younger ones, parents listen to the opinions of their children in various everyday or life situations, everyone has the right to choose and vote. Everyone is always ready to help, there is no misunderstanding or tension in relationships, parents are open and happy to make contact with their children. A feature of the authoritative style is the complete absence of any hierarchy; all members of a small social group are equal to each other.
With an authoritative method of educating the individual, the child develops harmoniously; at a more mature age, his talents and characteristics manifest themselves more clearly than with other models of upbringing, and family ties with elders only become stronger. Children whose parents adhere to this model of upbringing grow up to be independent, sensitive, responsible, able to admit their own mistakes and take responsibility for them. They also clearly understand the essence of the concepts of “punishment” and “reward”; they are not familiar with physical (violent) punishment, but this does not mean that they are spoiled. When raising the next generation, such children will never be encouraged to simply and unnecessarily pampered.
Key characteristics of the authoritative style:
Spaces of freedom increase as the child grows and his behavior improves
They expand as a child can grasp them. Parents pay attention to the normal behavior of children, highlight exceptional ones, ignore minor mistakes, and correct and punish major deviations. The rules and goals are clear. This is a style that implies an appropriate emotional relationship. Parents are confident in themselves and are not afraid to communicate with their children, although they are not susceptible to blackmail. They are consistent, not arbitrary. They have patience.. Consequences of the personality formation of children raised in an authoritarian style:
Consequences of the personality formation of children raised in an authoritarian style:
- High level of self-esteem and independence.
- They have adequate habits.
- They make decisions calmly and based on personal criteria.
- They are less dependent on the peer group, maintaining a higher level of influence in the family and greater ability to persuade children.
- They take the initiative to complete new tasks because they are confident in themselves.
- Therefore, they are more creative and innovative people.
Psychologists recommend this model as one of the most suitable for education, because when following the rules of this system, the process of both the development of the child’s personality and the re-education and modeling of discipline in parents occurs, which is also one of the main aspects of raising children. The authoritative parenting style is especially suitable for those parents who are completely lost and do not know how to raise their child.
Liberal style of pedagogical communication
The liberal style of a teacher has many similarities with the liberal upbringing of a child, since the goal in both cases is the same - the development of certain traits.
This style does not involve familiarity, distance must be maintained, this is a mandatory rule. But the liberal style of the teacher implies respect for the student, the absence of condescension and disdain.
The result of the liberal style of pedagogical activity is the formation in the student of respect for himself and, as a result, for others, as well as an understanding of his responsibility and the significance of the decisions made.
The advantages of a liberal communication style are always respect and perception of a person as an equal, seeing in him potential and the ability to think and make decisions independently.
This statement is true in relation to leadership, teaching, raising children and any interpersonal relationships.
Minuses
- Since the child’s freedom is elevated to an absolute level, and his needs and desires are always satisfied, such children are very spoiled. And if inside the family with its attitudes this can somehow be solved, then outside - in kindergarten, school - personal freedom turns out to be a not very pleasant side for both those around them and the children themselves.
- The absence of any prohibitions can ultimately play a cruel joke on the child. Solid rules for kids are like beacons by which they navigate; they must be immediately identified. Children raised in a liberal style do not understand that freedom is, first of all, responsibility; they do not know how to be demanding of themselves, and they themselves suffer from this. Such children are emotionally unstable and, when faced with prohibitions, can respond with aggression, hysterics, and sometimes become depressed from the “imperfection of the world.”
- The conviction that “everyone is obliged to accept and love me” is crushed by severe disappointment. Demanding exclusive treatment, children face harsh opposition and experience difficulties in communication.
- Growing up, a boy or girl turns out to be infantile, irresponsible, and completely unadapted to the realities of life. They think that solving their problems is the job of others. Often such young people cannot complete their education and in adulthood still live with their parents (which is not always fun for the latter, since the invasion of their personal space by grown-up children does not cause delight).
- Natural disobedience, which arises from the lack of boundaries and punishments, becomes a subject of trade. Does it bother Dad that I play catch while he's working? Let him give you some candy. Moreover, over time, the stakes grow, and sweets are no longer enough.
- Confidence in one's own uniqueness gives rise to inflated expectations from life for the most ordinary actions. For example, a child may think like this: after all, I go to these boring lessons every day, for this alone I should be given an A. As adults, such people will expect a promotion for simply going to work every day, and a diamond ring for cooking.
