Bodily intelligence of a leader... or why does a business person need psychology?

[edit] General characteristics

Bodily intelligence is an integral characteristic that indicates the forms of communication of the subject with himself and with the outside world.

The concept of bodily intelligence is not yet very widespread in science. But it is in close relationship with such concepts as a person’s “body,” “corporality,” “body image,” “bodily self,” “bodily awareness,” which describe various somatic and psychosomatic aspects of personality, the level of their awareness and development in a person.

Philosophical understanding of human corporeality and its role in the formation of the self-concept has been the subject of research for centuries, starting with the works of philosophers of the pre-Christian period, representatives of modernist and postmodernist philosophy (A. Bergson, R. Barth, M. Polanyi), existential philosophy (M. Merleau-Ponty[1], J.-P. Sartre) and are continued by psychologists in our time.

The first interpretation of the “bodily self” in the structure of the mental is associated with the name of the American philosopher and psychologist W. James.

The beginning of systemic analysis was laid in the works of representatives of the psychoanalytic school of Z. Freud, in particular Freud’s student W. Reich[2], as well as in the body-oriented approaches of the modern school of psychotherapy: A. Lowen[3], F. Alexander, M. Feldenkrais [4].

Corporality and bodily competence became the subject of research in the works of G. Gardner[5], Y. Gendlin[6], S. Fisher[7], T. Hanna, V. Nikitin, V. Baskakov, T.S. Levi[8] , A.Tkhostov, M.Sandomirsky, N.Medvedeva[9], T.Khomulenko[10], O.Gomilko[11].

Properties that relate to bodily intelligence are indirectly integrated in the concepts of “sensorimotor” intelligence by J. Piaget[12], “biological” intelligence by G. Eysenck[13], “bodily-kinesthetic” intelligence by G. Gardner[14], “triumvirate theory intelligence" by R. Sternberg, "crystallized" intelligence by R. B. Cattell, "theory of skills" by K. Fisher[15], in the results of cognitive research by A. Staats and the functional-level approach in the theory of intelligence by B. Ananyev[16], in approach to intelligence as a form of organization of mental experience by M. Kholodnaya[17].

[edit] Sensorimotor intelligence in the concept of intelligence by J. Piaget

Jean Piaget (1896-1980) - Swiss psychologist and philosopher, creator of the theory of cognitive development and the philosophical and psychological school, which he called genetic epistemology. According to J. Piaget, “intelligence cannot be separated from other cognitive processes. It is, strictly speaking, not one of the structures standing alongside other structures. Intelligence is a certain form of balance to which all structures formed on the basis of perception, skill and elementary sensorimotor mechanisms gravitate.” Piaget introduces the concept of “sensorimotor intelligence,” emphasizing that the analysis of the formation of skills, like the analysis of the structure of perception, is primarily associated with the problem of intelligence. “... In perceptual activity and the genesis of skills, from the very beginning, organizing assimilation takes a real part, which ultimately culminates in operations characteristic of the intellect.”

According to the theory of J. Piaget, human intelligence goes through three main stages of its development - the stage of sensorimotor intelligence, the stage of pre-operational thinking and the stage of operational thinking. The development of intelligence ends at the last, third stage with the emergence of abstract formal-logical thinking.

Interpersonal social

This is a pretty interesting type of thinking. Those with well-developed interpersonal intelligence are able to easily feel other people and have a high degree of empathy. It is typical for them to easily get along with new people, to be able to captivate them literally from the first word. They use different methods of communication: verbal and non-verbal.

They easily sense the mood of the interlocutor, so it is easy and pleasant to communicate with them. They often become leaders in the company, because they can understand those around them, help and always support others.

They like to be around other people, work with them, study, and be in constant contact. They easily understand the mood of the interlocutor, his needs and desires. They can explain the behavior of friends and acquaintances. They have a kind heart and often help others. They know how to control their own emotions.

Suitable professions:

• teacher or educator;
• psychologist;
• artist;
• HR specialist;
• Social worker.

[edit] Bodily-kinesthetic intelligence in the structure of multiple intelligences by G. Gardner

Howard Gardner - American psychologist, author of the theory of multiple intelligences, (1983) put forward the idea that there are eight different types of intelligence that every person has and are at different levels of development. According to the author, linguistic, musical, logical-mathematical, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, intrapersonal and interpersonal intelligences meet the criteria of intelligence. Analyzing, in particular, bodily-kinesthetic intelligence, G. Gardner, Fr.

Natural

This type determines a person’s ability to interact with nature: to feel the animal and plant world. A person notices everything that is around him. He is interested in exploring plants, studying animals, their habits, classifying species, monitoring the weather, collecting butterflies or minerals.

A person with natural intelligence loves nature and outdoor recreation. For him there is no better holiday than going to the forest, to the lake or to the mountains. This ability was considered a gift by our ancestors. It was possessed by great hunters, berry and mushroom gatherers.

Despite the fact that such an ability is becoming a thing of the past, due to the development of technology, which has become firmly established in life, people will find themselves in such professions as:

• livestock farming;
• botany;
• gardening;
• astronomy;
• chemistry;
• cooking;
• agronomy;
• archaeologist.

This type of intelligence used to be incredibly in demand. After all, our ancestors interacted closely with nature: they collected herbs, fruits, and hunted. This gift was considered incredibly useful, and its owner received respect.

[edit] Other models of intelligence

The most famous among cognitive models belongs to the concept of intelligence by Robert Sternberg. It is commonly called the “triumvirate theory of intelligence.” According to R. Sternberg, the problem of intelligence must be solved in the context of a broader problem, namely: how the subject controls himself. Accordingly, one should seek an answer to three questions simultaneously: 1) what is the relationship of the intellect to the inner world; 2) what is the relationship of the intellect to the outside world; 3) what is the relationship of intelligence to human experience. Within the framework of this theory, intelligence was defined as a form of mental self-government, and the theory included three (in accordance with the three questions formulated above) interrelated subtheories: components, context and experience.

Model of mental experience. This includes the concept of intelligence as a general ability by M. V. Kholodnaya[18], who developed the theory of mental experience within the framework of the cognitive approach. In the view of M.V. Cold intelligence is a special form of organization of individual mental (mental) experience. The concept of “mental experience” is close in content to the content of the concept of “crystallized intelligence” according to Cattell. Body intelligence as a scientific concept has been proposed by numerous researchers and studies.

In 2009, Alejando Yeras, a PhD in psychology at the University of Illinois, and Laura Thomas, a PhD in psychology at Vanderbilt University, showed that body movement influences deep thinking and the ability to solve complex problems.

Research by Lleras and Thomas demonstrates in research that the body is primarily a part of our mind.

According to Professor Florin Vanche [19] (Romania), bodily intelligence is the body’s ability to adapt to new challenges in the internal and external environment by perceiving and understanding body signals and using specific ways of responding. The author develops and tests a methodology for testing bodily intelligence.

Rosemary Anderson also offers her own scale for testing bodily intelligence.

The variety of definitions of the essence of intelligence existing in science, cognitively oriented psychological theories aimed at studying intelligence, allows in this regard, according to psychologist E. Silyutina[20], to distinguish
bodily intelligence as a type,
which corresponds to the task of explaining the individual capabilities of a person in relation to his physicality through addressing the peculiarities of the organization of the subject’s mental experience. This concept is broader than the currently proposed concept of somatic intelligence.

Spatial (figurative)

A person thinks and remembers a picture. Such people have excellent visual memory for faces, places, and objects. They can even reproduce in their minds a page of a book with pictures and paragraphs inside. They remember well what they have learned, but if the material is presented orally, it is almost immediately erased from memory.

They notice details that no one usually pays attention to. They can easily sense objects in space. For example, rearrange a room in your thoughts, or sketch a picture. They simply find their way even in an unfamiliar city. Such people have a well-developed inner world, so they often engage in various types of art.

They operate with thought processes in 3 dimensions. Even having been in a room once, they remember the situation.

A child with spatial thinking loves to put together puzzles and go through various labyrinths and confusions. He has a well-developed imagination.

The most suitable professions for an imaginative personality type:

• architects;
• pilots;
• sculptors;
• military;
• artists;
• sailors;
• drivers;
• engineers;
• builders.

[edit] Structural components of bodily intelligence

The structural components of bodily intelligence include: body perception;
knowledge and awareness of the body; understanding the body; attitude towards the body; body control. Body intelligence makes it possible to determine the extent to which a person can use cognitive mechanisms to ensure a more harmonious and effective living in the body in order to develop his bodily skills in the interests of his personality.

Bodily intelligence in conjunction with social and emotional intelligence characterizes the level of personal development, the physical, mental and spiritual health of a person, his resource capabilities and determines his behavior in society.

Logical-mathematical

A fairly common type of intelligence can be called logical-mathematical. Children who have it do not experience any difficulties with mathematics and everything connected with it. They easily remember mobile numbers, dates or other numerical values, and also quickly solve examples and problems. The main characteristic of such people is the ability for structured analysis, simple establishment of cause-and-effect relationships, as well as systematization of all components of life.

The following professions are ideal for people with this type of intelligence:

• Analyst;
• Logistician;
• Mathematician;
• Programmer;
• Accountant;
• Detective;
• Doctor.

Logical and mathematical intelligence can be developed and maintained through regular training. Solutions to various problems, puzzles or mathematical examples are perfect. It would not be a bad idea to give the student the opportunity to apply skills in everyday life. For example, counting the cost of a basket of food or determining how much and what to buy in a store.

[edit] Sources

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2. Reich V. Personality analysis / V. Reich. - M.: KSP; St. Petersburg : Yuventa, 1999. −333 p.
3. Lowen A. Psychology of the body: bioenergetic analysis of the body / A. Lowen [Translated from English. S. Koleda]. - M.: Institute of General Humanitarian Research, 2000. - 256 p.
4. Feldenkrais M. Awareness through movement. Health-improving movements for personal growth / M. Feldenkrais. -Moscow: Institute of General Humanitarian Research, 2001. −223 p.
5. Gardner G. Structure of the mind. Theory of multiple intelligences /G. Gardner. — M.: LLC “I.D. Williams", 2007. - 512 p.
6. Jendlin Yu. Focusing: A new psychotherapeutic method of working with experiences / Yu. Jendlin; [Transl. from English A. S. Rigina]. - M.: Nezavisimaya, 2000. -448 p.
7. Fisher, S. Development and structure of the body image. Vol. 1/S. Fisher.-Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum, 1986.
8. Levi T. S. Attitude to the body in the structure of self-attitude / T. S. Levi // Materials of the international correspondence scientific and practical conference “Psychology of corporeality: theoretical and practical research.” – Penza: Perm State Pedagogical University named after V. G. Belinsky, 2008.
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10. Khomulenko T.B., Kramchenkova V.A. Methodology for projective diagnostics of the bodily self / Scientific Bulletin of Kherson State University. -2016.- volume 5.- p.39-45.
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16. Ananyev B. G. On the problems of modern human knowledge. - CTO.: Peter, 2001.
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18. Kholodnaya M. A. Psychology of intelligence. Paradoxes of research. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2002.
19. VANCEA F. THE BODY INTELLIGENCE – DESCRIPTION AND MEASUREMENT/ https://www.afahc.ro/ro/afases/2017/33-M&H-VanceaFlorin.pdf
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[edit] Literature

• Ananyev B. G. On the problems of modern human knowledge. - CTO.: Peter, 2001.
• Eysenck G. Yu. Intelligence: a new view // Questions of psychology. - 1995. - No. 1. - P. 111-131.
• Gardner G. Structure of the mind. Theory of multiple intelligences /G. Gardner. — M.: LLC “I. D. Williams “, 2007. - 512 p.
• Gomilko O. E. The phenomenon of physicality: dissertation ... Dr. Philos. Sciences: 09.00.04 / O. E. Gomilko; NAS of Ukraine; Institute of Philosophy named after. G. Frying pans. - M., 2007.- 420 p.
• Jendlin Yu. Focusing: A new psychotherapeutic method of working with experiences / Yu. Jendlin; [Transl. from English A. S. Rigina]. - M.: Nezavisimaya, 2000. −448 p.
• Levi T. S. Attitude to the body in the structure of self-attitude / T. S. Levi // Materials of the international correspondence scientific and practical conference “Psychology of corporeality: theoretical and practical research.” — Penza: PGPU im. V. G. Belinsky, 2008.
• Lowen A. Psychology of the body: bioenergetic analysis of the body / A. Lowen [Translated from English. S. Koleda]. - M.: Institute of General Humanitarian Research, 2000. - 256 p.
• Medvedeva N. S. The problem of the relationship between corporeality and sociality in man and society: dis. for the Candidate of Science degree. Philosopher sciences in special 09.00.03 - “social philosophy and philosophy of history” / N. S. Medvedeva. - M., 2005.
• Merleau-Ponty M. Phenomenology of perception / M. Merleau-Ponty; [Transl. from fr. edited by I. S. Vdovina, S. L. Fokina]. - St. Petersburg. : Juventa; Science, 1999. - 603 p.
• Piaget J. Psychology of intelligence / Translation: A. M. Pyatigorsky St. Petersburg, 2003. // Electronic publication: Center for Humanitarian Technologies. - 10.20.2010.URL: https://gtmarket.ru/laboratory/basis/3252
• Reich V. Personality analysis / V. Reich. - M.: KSP; St. Petersburg : Yuventa, 1999. −333 p.
• Silyutina E. On the problem of determining the essence of a person’s bodily intelligence / ISSN 2410‐3527 (online). Psychology and personality. 2020. No. 1 (15)
• Tataurova S. Comparative cross-cultural study of body image as a cognitive structure of self-awareness./ Ekaterinburg, Vestnik SUSU, No. 31, 2012
• Fadeeva K. Measuring specific constructs of physicality in psychology / K. Fadeeva // Current problems of sociology, psychology, pedagogy. - 2013. - No. 3 (20). — P.167-174.
• Feldenkrais M. Awareness through movement. Health-improving movements for personal growth / M. Feldenkrais. -Moscow: Institute of General Humanitarian Research, 2001. −223 p.
• Kholodnaya M. A. Psychology of intelligence. Paradoxes of research. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2002.
• Khomulenko T. B. Psychosomatics: a cultural-historical approach: Educational manual / T. B. Khomulenko, I. A. Filenko, K. I. Fomenko, A. S. Shukalova, M. V. Kovalenko. — Kharkov: Publisher “Disa Plus”, 2020. −264 p.
• Khomulenko T. B., Kramchenkova V. A. Methodology for projective diagnostics of the bodily self. / Scientific Bulletin of Kherson State University. −2016.- volume 5.- p.39-45.
• Cash, T.F. Body Image: a handbook of theory, research, and clinical practice /TF Cash, T. Pruzinsky. — The Guilford Press, 2002.
• Cash, TF Development of the Appearance Schemas Inventory: a new cognitive bodyimage assessment / TF Cash, AS Lafarge // Cognitive Therapy and Research. - 1996. - 20. -P. 37-50.
• Cash, TF The development and validation of the Body Image Ideals Questionnaire / TF Cash, ML Szymanski // Journal of Personality Assessment. - 1995. - 64. - P. 466-477.
• Fischer K.W. (1980). A theory of cognitive development: The control and construction of hierarchies of skills. // Psychological Review. V. 87 (6). P. 477—531.
• Fisher, S. Development and structure of the body image. Vol. 1/S. Fisher.-Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum, 1986.
• Mehling WE, Gopisetty V, Daubenmier J, Price CJ, Hecht FM, & Stewart A (2009). Body awareness: construct and self-report measures. PloS one 4(5)e5614.
• VANCEA F. THE BODY INTELLIGENCE – DESCRIPTION AND MEASUREMENT/ https://www.afahc.ro/ro/afases/2017/33-M&H-VanceaFlorin.pdf