How to change your life based on levels of awareness

What is mentality?

This is a form of thinking and a way of perceiving the world, characteristic of both an individual and a specific social group of people. A mental person is a personality characteristic that includes the conscious and unconscious. The concept is determined by the composition of the mind, the level of intelligence or a set of psychological and social attitudes, options for analyzing and perceiving information obtained in the course of thinking and the process of sensations. Now let's define the next term.

Peculiarities of perception

Perception can be determined by the idea of ​​the partner formed during communication. Psychological research shows that the basis for the perception of previously unfamiliar faces and persons with whom we already have some experience of communication are various psychological mechanisms. In one case, perception occurs through the psychological mechanisms of intergroup communication, in the other - through the mechanisms of interpersonal communication.

Psychological mechanisms of perception within the framework of intergroup communication include social stereotyping, the essence of which is to build an image of another person based on certain standard patterns.

Definition 2

A social stereotype is a stable idea about certain phenomena or persons. It is typical for representatives of the corresponding social group.

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Different social groups, when interacting with each other, develop social stereotypes, which can be, for example, ethnic (national).

Mental models

First, let's understand systems thinking. This is a look at a problem, the solution of which takes into account the influencing circumstances: social circle, distant and close goals, past and future. In linear thinking, only one line of cause is considered. Here you can see the skill of looking at the situation on a larger scale, wider and further. That is, if the problem cannot be solved head-on, you can find a way out with the help of competent preparation; you may need to “go in from all sides.”

Now understanding what systems thinking is, it can be used to analyze the underlying stimuli that will guide our mental image and methodology to solve problems. The quality of the results will be determined by the process used to arrive at them. Let's try to examine our thinking for the prejudices and misconceptions it contains.

We will use systems thinking:

1. Directly to solve problems. And primarily to overcome the thought process that gives rise to them.
2. To discover and overcome the shortcuts of patterned thinking.
3. To show how our thinking is inseparable from emerging problems. Which don't easily appear out of nowhere. They are the product of events and what we think about them. We are the main link in our failures. Staying at the same level of thinking that gives rise to them will not solve them.
4. You can understand and better understand beliefs and methods of action by using systems thinking, applying its principles to the immediate process of thinking, since our beliefs also form a system.

Any work is guided by ideas, strategies, in other words, mental models deeply embedded in the subconscious. “Mental” - because they lie in our mind, directing our actions. And “models” - because we build and create them based on the experience gained. They can be called general ideas that shape our thoughts and actions, and ideas about expected outcomes.

Method for developing purity of perception

Our mind is a complex instrument that almost never stops working for a minute. A constant flow of thoughts: various images, memories of past events, forecasting the future, descriptions of objects and situations we encounter in life. If we stop and analyze most of our thoughts that arise during the day, we can easily understand that the necessary and truly valuable ones are only a tenth. The thinking of a modern person is automatic and working in a similar mode, can rarely create something truly interesting.

What happens to a knife, for example, if you use it continuously without ever sharpening it? It will become dull and the result of its use will be very mediocre. To sharpen our minds and develop our creative abilities, we must first allow our thinking to rest. But even when we understand the need to weaken or stop the rapid flow of thoughts, we realize that this is a Herculean task.

One way to solve this problem is to become deeply present in the present moment and closely observe what is happening outside and inside us. Our attention works in such a way that in most cases it tends to concentrate on some external or internal object (for example, our thoughts or emotions). What happens when attention is directed to an object? Everything around us loses its sharpness and becomes blurred; at such moments we are almost not aware of ourselves.

To develop the capabilities of our mind, it is extremely necessary to train our attention. The ability for expanded perception and distribution of attention between several objects is especially important. All our lives: at school, at college and at work, we developed mainly the ability to concentrate, while the skill of expanded attention remained in its infancy.

The best method for developing this type of attention is to observe the sensations of your body. How often do we realize in what position we sit or stand, what gait we walk, what movements we make?

The sensations of our body exist constantly in the current moment, therefore, by observing them, we can bind ourselves to being in the “Now”. This will allow us to perceive the world more fully and uncloudedly, less and less often we will disappear in various endless thoughts and memories.

You need to start by being aware of the posture your body takes in different situations. The fastest results will appear for those who create a strong intention to constantly observe their body. At first, it is better to start in a calm environment, sitting on a chair or lying on the sofa in silence. Start by scanning your body from the top of your head to your toes (usually accompanied by a feeling of warmth or tingling in the observed areas). Become aware of the position of your body parts, feel the pressure of your feet on the floor (hereinafter, work while sitting on a chair is described). Feel your hands resting on your legs, pay attention to your palms (feet and palms cause the strongest sensations from moving the focus of your attention to them). Try to pay attention to more and more areas of the body, starting with the sensation of the feet and palms. Little by little add the entire leg area, then the arms, the entire body and the head (especially the face). When doing this, you will definitely notice numerous clamps and tensions in your body. As a rule, they go away after a short period of attention being focused on them. One of the most important areas to observe is the face. By focusing on relaxing the facial muscles, you can get rid of numerous psychological problems, suppressed emotions and simply improve your mood.

The main thing in this practice is the condition: do not mentally describe what you observe. The whole process should be accompanied by stopping the internal monologue; to do this, direct most of your attention to various sensations: a feeling of comfort or discomfort from the position you occupy, warmth or cold in various parts of the body, pressure, tingling, etc.

In the future, as the power of attention develops, you will be able to observe the sensations of the body almost all day long: sitting in a car or on public transport, at work, walking on the street (in these cases, be sure to direct most of your attention to your current activity and only 15– Leave 20% for monitoring the body). After several weeks of continuous practice, you will be able to move on to maintaining attention on the entire body (this will often create the illusion of an “empty” body).

As a result of these exercises, within a few days you will notice a significant improvement in your mood and well-being, interesting ideas will begin to appear, your vision of the world will become clearer and brighter, and your confidence in yourself and your abilities will increase. If you can do the techniques described above for at least several months, your thinking will move to a completely new qualitative level. And constant calm and clarity of perception will become your constant companions.

Let's consider one of them

Let's give an example of a mental model. So:

• All such hypotheses simplify reality.
• We do not know the exact number of voters, but we know that it is huge.
• It is unknown which characteristics of a candidate will serve as positive aspects for voting in his favor for some, and negative for others.
• But we will rely on the fact that unpopular candidates will not be nominated for voting.

The essence of human cognitive function is the creation of mental models of the world. This means that when an individual learns something, he automatically builds a model of the object being studied. Eg:

• While exploring the territory, he draws up a map of the area, that is, he forms a geographical model.
• By studying the laws of physics, he builds mathematical models of these laws and so on.

When forming models, a person collects all possible information based on his senses, and then tries to present it in an understandable, concise form. Models help in decision making, for example, a geographical map is created in order to plot the desired route, economic laws allow you to manage the production process or sale of products.

Mental models provide a general picture of the world. And we, in turn, must improve its quality. Improve yourself, namely read books, study new disciplines, learn from the experience of successful people.

Way to success

Awareness - a direct connection with a person’s consciousness is captured: a conscious attitude to what is happening, adequate behavior, rationality.

Let's deepen our knowledge and see what Wikipedia says:

Mindfulness is a concept in modern psychology; is defined as continuous monitoring of current experiences, that is, a state in which the subject focuses on the experience of the present moment, without becoming involved in thoughts about past events or about the future. This is the ability of consciousness to introspect its own activities.

What can we learn from this definition? The fact that conscious perception is, first of all, the perception of events here and now. Let's see what "introspection" is?

Introspection (lat. introspecto, looking inside) is a method that allows you to have an idea of ​​your essence: structure, organization, etc.

That is, in order to learn to consciously relate to ourselves and our lives, we need to understand who we are, what we are made of, what our world is like. When you start to think about all this, you understand that a person is not only a physical body, but an individual who has his own thoughts, feelings and emotions.

It follows from this that awareness is, first of all, an understanding of oneself, a conscious, meaningful attitude towards oneself and one’s life at the present moment in time.

Every person has them

Only the individual may not be aware of them. We perceive everything around us through them, we live in them. That is, this can be seen in the way we talk about our own beliefs, which we adhere to, reject or defend, and accept that we have them. Having lost faith in something, usually forever, it is necessary to fill the resulting emptiness inside. And here our mental models are able to change and develop with new experience, and when we find ourselves in an unknown social sphere, for example, we are forced to improve. This complicates the thinking process a little. Therefore, the mental model is of great importance. It is important to take seriously the processes that are responsible for their formation.

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As for the ways of perceiving the world, they can be distinguished both by interaction with bodies: physical, etheric, astral, mental, causal, budhic and atmic, and united in the “triple union” - bodily (interactions of perception of physical, etheric and astral bodies) , mental (interaction of the astral, mental and causal bodies) and spiritual (interaction of the causal, buddhic and atmic bodies). But, there is one universal method that combines both of the above approaches - holistic. This is exactly what we are talking about when Jesus Christ said “...Blessed is he who saw himself fourth in Heaven!” (Apocrypha of Jacob, Nag Hammadi Library)."

So, let's start with the fact that a person is a being, and a being is a collection of entities. Essences are our selves, which are the seven bodies. Their interaction allows a person to perceive the world and the events occurring in it from different positions of perception: physical, etheric, astral, mental, causal, buddhic and atmic. Each individual body (or its corresponding self) is capable of interacting in different situations with another or other selves. We will consider these methods in more detail below.

The most important way of perception is HOLISTIC perception, which combines all seven levels of perception simultaneously. This universal way of perception can be considered as a combination of seven levels, or as three - body, soul and spirit. In order to understand what the methods of perception of the body, soul and spirit are, let’s consider the interaction of all our bodies in a certain sequence...

Let's start with the fact that all people are divided into four categories. Even in the Vedas there is a mention of this. So let’s look at these categories, each in turn, so that you can develop a conscious understanding of the events taking place. The first type of perception is material. Such a person perceives everything from the position of rationality and materiality. He knows that there is an emotional world, but for him emotions are not manifestations of soulfulness, but rather of sensations in his body. He reacts to events happening in his life as if they were important to him, as an opportunity to realize his material and social desires: i.e. material growth of well-being, social status and even close relationships for him are not making physical love, but rather sex. Such animal survival instincts, which are used by the physical body, the etheric body and the lower astral plane for its existence. Such a person perceives an event occurring in his life exclusively as bad/good and beneficial/unprofitable, i.e. being in the duality of your desires. Duality is the very devil about whom the holy fathers of the Orthodox Church write. The prefix dia- (di-) from the Greek. δι- (di-) denotes: separation, division, “double” competition. Duality is the fundamental duality of a person’s perception of the world and leads to the fact that he perceives an event from only one position of perception without considering the possibility of changing his vision. This is such a “rigidity” of consciousness in which his body (mind) does not hear what the soul tells him. Let us imagine the body as a child who has no experience in life. Our soul will be our mother, and our spirit will be our father. If in a family (and therefore the family is called that a person is seven selves) there is no agreement in views and there will be no success in education, because The matrix of education is laid not by an understanding of the technique of education, but by the harmonious interaction of mother and father with each other. It is this interaction that is transmitted to the child (body) from the soul and spirit. When it doesn’t hear them, all sorts of difficulties arise in understanding what is happening and, as a result, mistakes are made in actions, emotions and thoughts. This is what forms a person’s karma, because... the completed action changes his emotional perception and way of thinking. But, first of all, the spirit sends thoughts to the body through its soul, which give rise to emotions, and emotions give rise to actions. And if there is no harmony between spirit, soul and body, actions become erroneous (which was actually already written about above). Thus, an event manifested in material perception is assessed and forms a person’s attitude towards it from a position of bad/good. This is precisely what became the division of man as the One, as an integral system of perception of the visible and invisible worlds. This became his falling away from God! The second type of perception is mental. It is generally accepted that a soulful person is a person who is able to perceive everything from the position of sincerity. But, more often than not, it is forgotten that sincerity and emotionality are only different definitions of one perception. It’s good if a person’s soul is harmonious and he is able not to rush to conclusions, but to “take a break” and analyze an event in his life a little later. Then he will understand that this event is not as negative as it might seem to him during initial perception. In general, the duality of perception of the world is present in all three. After all, it is generally accepted that a religious person means a spiritual person. But that's not always the case. And in religion there is a trinity of perception, divided into those who are canonical (law-abiding to the church) and will not allow themselves and their loved ones to cross the borders of the law; someone who is ready to go beyond the canons and explore the world carefully and inquisitively, but still with caution; and one who is ready to go into the world with his eyes wide open, believing that God is on his side and if he makes a mistake, then the Almighty will forgive him for his faith and willingness to follow His will. The third type of perception is spiritual. Soulfulness of a person, as a material person considers, is harmful. A spiritual person will consider that the materiality of the perception of the world will harm him. How would a spiritually sensitive person react? But a spiritual person will agree that both emotional (mental) and material (physical) well-being have a place to be, but at the same time, the most important thing for him will be his Path of knowledge of the existing order of things and he will not pay attention to both materiality and to emotionality. So, rather out of necessity than because of one’s aspirations. What is spiritual perception anyway? We so often confuse the concepts of soulfulness and spirituality that we don’t know anything at all about either the first or the second. So, the spirituality of perception lies in the rationality of a person’s thinking, and not in the fact that he is spiritual and experiences the world from the position of his spirit. His spirit is his, human spirit. And the Highest or Holy Spirit is God. And it is in reunification with him that a person is completely deified - and body and soul and spirit become One. With all this, interaction can be built between these three methods of perception. For example, the material way of perception can be combined with the mental, just as the mental with the spiritual and the spiritual with the material. But the highest and most significant way of perception in the universe is the fourth type of perception. So, a little about him. A HOLISTIC TYPE OF PERCEPTION OF REALITY is when the body is aware of the fact of serving the soul and spirit, the soul is aware of the spirit and body, and the spirit is in service to the soul and body. This is exactly how they all together carry out the service of the One, for they represent Him and He manifests itself in each of them individually and in all one. Now let’s look at ways of perception from a different point of understanding. Let's imagine that a person and all his SEVEN selves or seven bodies (physical, etheric, astral, mental, causal, buddhic and atmic) are the scale of some kind of receiving-transmitting device or device capable of receiving and transmitting frequencies of different ranges. They both come from a person and enter him. A person, like a radio dial, is most often tuned to a wave of a certain frequency, at which he constantly receives a signal and transmits it (occasionally retuning to another wave frequency). Such a person, as a receiver of certain frequencies, is not able to simultaneously tune into two or more frequencies. But what about the fact that each frequency should be individual in itself in it and all should sound harmoniously in unison, like a symphony in which different sounds are combined. But a person is not just a receiver-emitter. He is a transformer of different wave frequencies, which he is able to transform due to the perception of one event not just from different sides, but also realizing its significance in the difference in perception. For example, any event can be decomposed into degrees of perception. Let it be an action performed towards you by any person. What is the first thing a person perceives in an ongoing event? Physical perception - bad/good, as an assessment of another person's actions towards you. Etheric perception - due to the event taking place, you receive subtle sensations in your body, which science calls a bio-chemical process. In reality, this is how the etheric body or energetic self of a person reacts (perceives) the event. Astral perception is your emotions when assessing an event or an action performed in relation to you (bad/good), which you experience both simultaneously and throughout your entire subsequent life. Mental perception is the formation of a mental image that will remain with you for the rest of your life and, depending on how you define it, this is how it will be “registered” in each of your cells and in the memory of the body. Causal perception in itself will be difficult to describe, because in fact, this is where it all begins. In fact, an event that has formed in your life and in which you directly or indirectly took part is nothing more than karma or a generic program (task) that you need to resolve not only for yourself and change your destiny, but for everything your family, for seven generations along two lines - maternal and paternal. No more and no less than 128 souls of ancestors who came before you in both generations took part in the formation of this task. And their lives also consisted of the experiences (positive or negative) accumulated by the 128 souls who preceded them.

So, it all begins (oddly enough)) precisely from the causal (karmic) plane, on which your causal self “reads” the task assigned to it. It must solve this problem, and therefore, events must be formed that will influence the participation in solving the problem not only of you, but also of other “characters in the play.” Your causal Self is the director, and your physical Self is the actor in this theater. And if they are not able to agree with each other and become one, then the difference in perception of all your selves participating in this karmic process will be ensured. When the physical self does not perceive the causal self as the director of this production, it, the physical self (for example: Ivan Ivanov) manifests its EGO and refuses to interact. But only through interaction with the physical Self, the causal Self can convey the correct information to the mental Self, astral Self and etheric Self. Not understanding the meaning of what is happening, each of them perceives the event/action exclusively at its own level and does not take into account the experience and perception of others Me: In general, they are in an active dispute among themselves and strive at all costs to take advantage of the opportunity to lead the existing process. The image through which the mental self builds its perception due to the physical self’s rejection of the primacy of the causal plane (this is akin to how a son who has not received proper education refuses to obey his father) is distorted. Considering the fact that the mental plane is a plane of thoughts, your ego reads information as a mental image, from which it draws a conclusion on what to do. He has the ability to communicate with the causal self, but since the physical self does not perceive the causal plane, it may also not be capable of perceiving the mental plane. “You never know what pictures I see in my head and what thoughts come to me. My physical experience of life is important.” - a person will think mentally and “pull” into the background the possibility of understanding both the causal and mental self.

Only the physical body remains in the dominant, and this is where the dominant of both the mental, astral and etheric self can manifest itself. Each of them will try to perceive the event as only he knows. And the distorted mental image of the program will “fall” to a lower level, into the emotional sphere of a person, into his astral self. The astral self, being a set of emotions, strives to manifest itself as those emotions that are most clearly manifested in you. As a consequence of this, fear arising from the ego manifests itself as a fact and this leads to the emergence of pride. If your emotional perception is so strong that it can drown out all others, then the distorted image of the program it receives distorts emotional reality. IN GENERAL, IT'S LIKE THE GAME OF "BROKEN PHONE", WHEN THE LATTER IS TRANSMITTED SO DISTORTED INFORMATION THAT THE FIRST WILL NOT BE ABLE TO RECOGNIZE IT! And then it’s even more difficult, because distortion of the mental and emotional image entails changes on the etheric plane. The Etheric Self, being the body of energies of our physical body, also perceives the distorted image of the program in its own way and strives to correct the changes that are occurring. But, thoughts and emotions are more subtle (but not always high) energies and therefore they are already distorted and change the movement of energy in the etheric body, as a result of which congestion, blocks and transformation of the movement of energy arise. There is a failure in the entire human energy system, which naturally affects his physical condition and the bio-chemical processes occurring in the body. This is how diseases of various kinds arise, not always noticeable and most often manifested internally, because the distorted image of the task “omitted” from the karmic plane made its changes in the interaction of all four bodies listed above and, unfortunately, returned with a new task to the karmic plane.

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Guide all our actions

Mental models provide a stable anchor that you can count on. We need a retroactive force that would confirm and feed them. And sometimes you want to find it so much that people are happy even with misfortune, in order to confirm that they were right in their warning.

Thus, mental models give meaning to the events through which we explain our experience. Models deeply rooted in the subconscious, in a sense, organize the worldview. We use them to make distinctions and choices, to decide what is important to us and what is not. We can take ideas for reality.

How does this happen? Our eyes see the world and capture pictures not as objectively as a camera. They work in tandem with the brain, which interprets the visible world using a different method. Therefore, what we see is a partial reality and a product of our way of seeing. The same is observed in the example of mental models; they identically shape what we see, hear and feel. They are inherent to everyone and are not immutable.

Thus, mental models are ideas based on past experience, strategies, perception techniques that exist in a person’s mind and direct him to take actions.

Chapter I. Perception and its properties

Cognition is the assimilation of the sensory content of the experienced, or experienced, state of affairs, states, processes in order to find the truth. Cognition refers to both (in a broad sense) a process, which would be more correctly designated by the word “cognition,” and (in a narrow sense) the result of this process. Cognition contains an assessment that is based on experience.

Cognition as an activity includes mental processes: perception, imagination, thinking, which act as the most important components of any human activity. Without the participation of mental processes, human activity is impossible; they act as its integral internal moments.

Perception in the process of practical activity acquires its most important human qualities. In activity, its main types are formed: perception of depth, direction and speed of movement, time and space.

Imagination is also connected with activity. Firstly, a person is not able to imagine or imagine something that has never appeared in experience, was not an element, subject, condition or moment of any activity. The texture of imagination is a reflection, although not a literal one, of the experience of practical activity.

§1. Concept of perception

perception thinking individual psychological

Perception is the process of forming, through active actions, a subjective image of an integral object that directly affects the analyzers. Unlike sensations, which reflect only individual properties of objects, in the image of perception the entire object, in the totality of its invariant properties, is represented as a unit of interaction.

The image of perception appears as a result of the synthesis of sensations, the possibility of which, according to A.N. Leontiev, arose in phylogenesis in connection with the transition of living beings from a homogeneous, objectively unformed environment to an environment, objectively formed. Depending on the biological significance of the perceived object, either one or another quality may be leading, which determines which analyzer information will be considered a priority.

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Key performance indicators of a teacher (through the eyes of students in grades 9–11)

Dear guys! We ask you to answer the questions in the questionnaire, which lists the professional and personal qualities of the teacher. Rate his work on a 5-point scale, where: 5 points – quality is almost always evident; 4 points – quality appears often; 3 points – quality is not always evident; 2 points – quality is rarely manifested; 1 point – there is practically no quality. Sign the form...

In accordance with this, visual, auditory, tactile, gustatory and olfactory perception are distinguished. In this case, a particularly important role in all types of perception is played by motor or kinesthetic sensations, which regulate the real relationship of the subject with the object according to the feedback principle. In particular, in visual perception, along with the visual sensations themselves (color, light), kinesthetic sensations accompanying eye movements (accommodation, convergence and divergence, tracking) are also integrated.

Also in the process of auditory perception, weak movements of the articulatory apparatus play an active role. It is characteristic of a person that the images of his perception integrate the use of speech. Due to verbal designation, the possibility of abstracting and generalizing the properties of objects arises.

The main properties of perception are objectivity, integrity, constancy, categoricality, apperception. The microgenesis of the image of perception includes a number of phases associated with the perceptual tasks being solved: from undifferentiated perception to the formation of a holistic image of an object, on the basis of which adequate activity can be built.

Perception is based on a more complex analytical and synthetic work of the central sections of the analyzers and their complex interaction than in sensation. In the case of a complex but unimodal stimulus, neural connections arise within one analyzer. An example of such a stimulus is a melody, which is a combination of individual sounds. In this case, neural connections arise not only to the individual sounds themselves, but also to their relationships. A song or aria is perceived as familiar, regardless of the vocal characteristics of the performer, if the harmonic relationships between sounds are correctly preserved.

Under the action of a multimodal stimulus, temporary neural connections are formed between different analyzers. For example, the image of a cutlet is formed through the interaction of taste, visual, olfactory and kinesthetic analyzers. THEM. Sechenov wrote: “In humans, such associations of sensations are often accompanied by an auditory image of the word that denotes the given object.”

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Managing human perception in merchandising

... sense organs, an active process of obtaining information to test hypotheses about the world around us and its knowledge. Together with sensations, perception provides direct sensory orientation ... with an object and means the presence of a focus in which a person’s conscious activity is collected. In merchandising practice, it (concentration) characterizes the intensity of attention regarding specific...

Motor sensations (kinesthesia) are of particular importance in perception.

They accompany almost all types of perception. With their help, the observed object is isolated from the environment. Thus, visual perception is always accompanied by macro- and micro-movements of the eyes. Numerous studies have shown that if the eyes were absolutely motionless, the world would be perceived as a kind of blurry spot of light, and not a diverse collection of objects. Auditory and olfactory perceptions are accompanied by localization of the stimulus by optimally turning the corresponding analyzer towards the source of sound or smell. The sense of touch is determined by the coherence of the work of tactile, temperature and motor (and sometimes pain) analyzers; the formation of a taste image is unthinkable without movements of the tongue. As noted by I.M. Sechenov, in the process of acquiring experience, the sensory and motor apparatuses are combined into a single perceptive system.

Let's consider ways of forming

They are developed and maintained using the following basic means:

• Crossing out. It is a filter of information based on interests, emotional state, puzzlement and sensitivity.
• Construction. The ability to see what is not there, the ability, in circumstances of uncertainty, to discover interpretations similar to the truth, accepting them as reality.
• Distortion. Transformation of what has been lived in reality with understatement of some elements and exaggeration of others.
• Generalization. The formation of mental models based on a single experience that we perceive as a characteristic phenomenon.

All information entering the brain first goes through a filter. That is, it is compared with the established worldview and, if it contradicts established stereotypes, it is eliminated, and accepted if confirmed. Further, the obtained data is distorted. We tie them to previously collected facts. In order to form an overall picture, some of the missing information is thought out and remembered as reliable. Then all the information is summarized and a new mental model is formed. It remains in our consciousness forever, but can be adjusted.

How does this work in practice?

Let's give an example of the formation of a negative mental model. Let's say Natalya Andreevna promised to make a presentation for the lesson. But she didn’t keep her promise.

Stages of forming a new model:

• Sifting: we evaluate the event and compare it with expectations: “I knew I couldn’t rely on her.”
• Distortion: we interpret the situation in our favor: “It’s not my fault, it’s Natalya Andreevna’s fault.”
• Fantasizing: inventing something that didn’t actually happen. For example: “If I asked her to prepare for an open lesson, she would also not complete the assignment.”
• Generalization: we interpret an isolated incident as typical: “You can’t rely on her for anything.”

Types of mental models

There are two types of models:

• Negative. They don't solve the problem, they only make it worse. Limit possibilities.
• Positive. They take you out of the situation. They multiply the possibilities.

All mental models create a complex system - our worldview. They can either have a beneficial effect on the process of learning and development, or interfere with it.

The presence of limiting mental models is evidenced by:

• The tendency to insist on the fact that all your ideas are completely true.
• Blame yourself and others for problems.
• A narrow circle of interests that does not allow you to learn new things.
• The desire to avoid uncertainties and quickly draw conclusions.
• Constant use of phrases: “must not”, “must”, “inadmissible” and others.
• Systematic use of generalizing concepts: “everyone”, “nobody”, “never” and others.
• The habit of summing everything up under one line, based on a single case.
• Lack of curiosity.
• The acquired experience does not contribute to the revision of existing beliefs.

And models that help you understand and better navigate in making the right decision are called “supportive”. To start working with them, it is necessary to recreate the internal picture of the perception of the world, work through them well and study them. You need to have educational conversations to demonstrate your thinking, to open yourself to the influence that other people can have.

Mental connections - what are they?

Scientists have long been interested in mental (telepathic) communication between people. Various studies have been conducted on this topic. According to experiments that used fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging), the presence of mental connections in people was revealed.

From a scientific position, however, this sounds somewhat different than from the point of view of esotericists. This is how scientists talk about the synchronization of both hemispheres of the brain if interacting people enjoy communication. Then the listener's brain activity exactly copies those areas of brain activity that are involved in the storyteller.

How are mental connections formed in people? Let's look at it from the perspective of esotericism. The strongest telepathic connection is considered to be the one that arose with close people (usually lovers or those who are in a sexual relationship). There are also connections between close friends and between mother and child.

For a mental connection to form, it takes enough time and for people to spend time with each other. Then, according to mystics, the interpenetration of energetic subtle bodies into each other occurs. This process involves the use of special connecting threads passing through the charms - the energy centers of the body.

What happens if people break up? Let’s say they had a strong quarrel, they moved far from each other in space, but continue to remain together mentally: they think about each other, memories are scrolling through their heads, joint photos and messages constantly catch their eye on the phone...

What happens then? In the four-dimensional dimension, an invisible thread (channel) is created between them, which influences the lives of both. And distance in this case plays almost no role. True, the saying “time heals” remains true - indeed, over time, energy channels weaken, they become thin and, as a result, are gradually completely destroyed.

And if you want to do this even earlier, you will need to get out of the mental plane in which you feel discomfort. This does not always happen on its own; sometimes additional efforts are required.

Let's talk about psychological disorders

Autism, mental retardation, hyperactivity and other diseases indicate mental disorders. And here it is very important not to notice the preconditions for the illness, but to recognize that they exist and the child needs professional help. It is necessary to monitor the baby's development from birth. You should be alert to causeless crying and excessive muscle hypertonicity or hypotonicity, poor sleep, etc. In this case, you need to contact a specialist.

Mental disorders are the cause of poor adaptation in society. Such children suffer from a low level of intelligence and passivity in all areas of activity. They have features that are expressed in poor development of motor and speech functions, a decrease in the cognitive process, and so on. The degree of their manifestation will vary from mild to deep forms. The main disorders in children with mental disorders:

• Communicative. There is no full interaction with others, in particular, parents.
• Motor.
• Sensory. Undeveloped perception.

Mental disorders are increasingly being diagnosed in people. This is facilitated by many factors: ecology, heredity, stress, etc. And schizophrenia plays a leading role among mental illnesses.

Mental body: what it looks like, its essence and purpose

The mental body is also called the intellectual body. This is a kind of framework of thought forms, including memories, knowledge, and a set of information about a behavioral model. This body is assigned fourth place. It is preceded by a trinity of subtle bodies - physical, etheric and astral. In addition, the Anahata chakra corresponds to the mental body. Its matter is subtler than that of the astral and etheric layers. This is the level where our understanding of the world around us is located, followed by reflection through speech and thinking. Memory banks store not only the entire huge store of knowledge and information that people have heard, perceived, and learned, but also a complete series of events and memories.

It is the mental body that is responsible for a person’s ideas about the environment, the intelligent thought process, including the level of intuition. The aura of these bodies has a higher frequency compared to the previous two. The structure is not so dense. Oval shape. People with a low level of spiritual and intellectual development have small mental bodies.

The more anger, hot temper, aggressiveness, indifference to the environment and the growth of intelligence, the duller, more monotonous the color of the bodies, and the structure may contain white matter. This is how negative emotions influence. And confident, kind, creative, inquisitive people have bright, multi-colored mental bodies that can shine and attract. We can say that coloring depends on the emotional content.

The calling of this type of subtle bodies is the creation of an image of a person capable of asking questions of eternal truths, including meaning, purpose, the need to love, etc. Thus, it becomes important for the mental body to find contact with the spiritual world to absorb the energy of sublime information. This is how one achieves a state of harmony with the energy of the Universe. The level of use of intelligence in our earthly existence depends on our evolution. It is impossible to specifically separate what kind of life a person leads physically and mentally. It’s just like you can’t create something out of nothing.

Factors influencing their education

So, they distinguish:

• Biological. These are the racial external characteristics of a person - skin and hair color, eye shape, height, and so on. Genetic background also matters.
• Social factor. Mentality, level of culture of society.
• Individual. Does not coincide with the mental model of society. It develops exclusively at the level of one person.

So, we have dealt with human mental models, learned how they are formed and what they are, what significance they have in life. They are an integral part of it and help simplify it. There is another concept “mental age”. It means the level of intellectual development of an individual determined by special tests.

And finally, we’ll learn how to make decisions using models

When a problem arises, we draw conclusions based on our experience and beliefs. And to achieve the goal, the situation must be viewed from different angles, and this will require a set of mental models. So, on to the tips:

• Simplify the complex.
• Eliminate prejudice.
• Look at the world more broadly, through the prism of various disciplines.

It is necessary to improve oneself, to create many mental models. And they must be from different disciplines, because it is impossible to concentrate the whole world in one area.