What is madness?
Previously, before the twentieth century, this term was applied to almost all mental illnesses. People with epilepsy, hallucinations, depression, confusion, and suicidal tendencies were considered crazy. Any person who was somehow different from the vast majority of normal people was declared insane.
Currently, the term “madness” is not used in medical practice. This is only said by people who are far from medicine, who do not know that every mental disorder today has its own name. However, this term still has a right to exist.
Types of madness
There are several classifications of deviations, which in everyday life are called insanity. If we talk about how it affects others, we can distinguish the following types:
- positive : admiration, unprecedented emotional upsurge, creative inspiration;
- threatening : hysteria, anger, mania and other signs of madness, under the influence of which a person can cause psychological or physical harm to people.
Depending on the characteristics of the course, the following types of madness are distinguished:
- melancholy - a prolonged depressed state characterized by indifference or mental anguish;
- mania is a deviation characterized by pronounced mental arousal, groundless delight, admiration, and increased physical activity;
- Hysteria is an abnormal reaction involving intense agitation and anger.
Insanity is also divided according to the severity of symptoms:
- weak, in which pathological signs make themselves felt relatively rarely and are not noticeable;
- severe, in which powerful attacks often occur and the person cannot control them;
- acute, accompanied by severe and persistent mental disorders.
Literature lesson notes in 11th grade “Hate or love... Which is stronger?”
11. How does the old man behave when he learns about the death of his son?
The old man’s hidden grief breaks through with an unexpected protest: “What if I don’t believe?..”
12. Let’s read this scene from the words “Killed, or what?..” to the words “You’re lying! I do not believe!.."
13. What is striking about this scene?
The violent power of suffering that suddenly erupted is impressive not only in itself. A sharp contrast is created between the courageous restraint of behavior in the initial episodes and the flood of gushing grief at the end.
14. How does Sholokhov make us feel the full depth of the misfortune we are experiencing?
In the subsequent picture, Sholokhov achieves that restraint and severity that allows you to feel the full depth of the grief experienced.
“And at night, throwing on a sheepskin coat, he went out into the yard, his felt boots creaking in the snow, walked to the threshing floor and stood by the stack.
The wind blew from the steppe, powdering it with snow; darkness, black and stern, piled up in the bare cherry bushes.
- Son! – Gavrila called in a low voice. He waited a little and, without moving, without turning his head, called again: “Petro!.. Son!”
Then he lay down flat on the snow trampled near the stack and closed his eyes heavily.”
15. How is the character of Grandfather Gavrila outlined?
With such completeness that it seems that nothing can change him, turn him onto a different path. The very power of grief seemed only to strengthen the old man in hatred.
—What is the internal dramatic conflict of the story?
The internal dramatic conflict of the story lies in the collision of the SOCIAL
and HUMAN.
— What is one of the principles of plot construction of a story?
One of the principles of plot construction of a story is that the writer puts his hero before increasingly complex psychological tests.
- What is Grandfather Gavril - an inveterate hater or an inconsolably suffering father?
- In what dramatic event is this revealed?
Food detachments to the base of grandfather Gavrila (reading the episode: “Take, you damned ones! Rob!.. Everything is yours!..”)
The “blond” one is firm and inexorable, the boss, the food commissar.
This is how Sholokhov depicts the first meeting with the person who will “turn around” the old man’s life.
—Tell us what catastrophic turn of events follows next?
Bandits attack. Right there, in my grandfather’s yard, food detachments are killed.
A decisive test of Grandfather Gavrila follows. And the father’s heart trembled and could not stand it.
— Reading the episode “Gavrila bent over the blond...”
—Tell us what the paternal feeling made your grandfather and his wife do?
— How is the increase in feelings for someone else’s son, “kissed by death,” conveyed?
Not a direct description, but an indirect one: grandfather Gavrila watches his old woman, guesses her experiences:
Causes of madness
In ancient times, people believed that madness was the result of supernatural forces. Our ancestors thought that madness usually overtakes women and men in the form of God's punishment for sins.
It was also believed that people go crazy when they are possessed by the devil, who completely deprives the unfortunate of the ability to control themselves. However, in some cases, people believed that madness could be a gift from heaven. This applied to gifted and talented people.
However, today we know that the causes of madness are completely different. It can be triggered by mental and moral shocks. Misfortunes and problems that constantly fall on a person can cloud his consciousness.
Mental illness can also be caused by physical causes, for example, severe damage to the skull, as a result of which the brain suffers. Insanity can also be caused by an imbalance of neurotransmitters.
How can you tell if a person has a mental disorder?
There are many signs of madness. But the main symptoms of mental illness are, as a rule, an incorrect perception of reality, strange and inexplicable actions, and a person’s loss of self-control .
In an acute state, the patient may strike his loved ones with anger or fits of rage, or he may himself feel inexplicable horror. During psychosis, a person’s consciousness does not work; he follows only instinctive impulses. Sometimes clouding of the mind is accompanied by similar movements and actions that have no meaning.
Melancholic madness is characterized by indifference, indifference, and mental heaviness . A person is completely immersed in his inner world, and does not pay any attention to the outside. He breaks off all contacts with others and almost does not respond to external influences. If a woman is sick, then her untidiness and unkempt appearance catches your eye.
One of the signs of clouding of consciousness is loss of sense of time . A person may also believe that fictional objects exist in reality. Madness is accompanied by delusions , auditory and visual hallucinations .
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Tell me, how often are you called a crazy person? Or do you always manage to hide it successfully? Jokes aside, but now we know for sure which zodiac signs have the greatest tendency towards madness! Find yourself and find out what your level of crazy is!
Aries (March 21 - April 20): Crazy level - 30%!
Courageous, curious, self-confident and always ready to take risks, Aries are good friends, lovers and... reliable climbing partners! They never back down, and if they set their minds to something, they follow through to the end! Isn't this crazy? You may not agree with all of Aries' crazy ideas, but the fact that they always stand their ground deserves respect!
Taurus (April 21 - May 21): Crazy level - 40%!
The reason Taurus is crazy is that he really looks a lot like... a bull! Typically, these people have big loving hearts and a broad outlook, but this sign can also be incredibly stubborn and strong-willed. Taurus has only two states: either he rushes forward, or he died. Such people will argue with you until they are blue in the face, and then suddenly apologize. This makes them pretty crazy in other people's eyes, but at least they are consistently inconsistent.
Gemini (May 22 - June 21): Crazy level - 100%!
You never know which side Gemini will turn to you today. They are indecisive and flighty, but they are always incredibly fun to be with. Geminis easily adapt to any situation, but the problem is that then the situation begins to adapt to them. Starting the evening in an expensive restaurant, representatives of this sign are quite capable of meeting the morning at the city dump, telling local homeless people jokes of their own creation!
Cancer (June 22 - July 22): Crazy level - 90%!
Since Cancers are ruled by the Moon, the mood of these people changes like the ebb and flow of the tides. Despite the fact that they are usually avid homebodies, representatives of this sign are quite capable of breaking into a nightclub to get drunk with strangers. A typical Cancer is quite capable of writing 10 love SMS per hour mixed with crazy voice messages about how much he hates you and your entire family. You can never predict in advance what Cancers will do next, and it really drives you crazy!
Leo (July 23 - August 21): Crazy level - 80%!
Leos are bright and noisy people, they love to be the center of attention. It's no surprise that the drunkest person in the bar is usually a representative of this sign. You can hear anything from them, even things that no sane person would ever say out loud! Leos always achieve a high rank even in madness, because they really don’t know how to stop in time.
Virgo (August 22 - September 23): Crazy level - 70%!
Virgo has a fairly high level of craziness due to its inability to relinquish control. These people work tirelessly to achieve excellence. Sometimes they actually do very good things, like volunteering to help elderly people they don't know or raising a puppy with three legs. But their ideality often borders on madness. Intelligent Virgos act in stressful situations without thinking, even if they have to throw someone under a car to gain recognition and fame.
Libra (September 24 - October 23): Crazy level - 30%!
Since Libras are always in search of balance, they are willing to go to extreme measures to achieve harmony. However, Libra's dark side comes out when they start preying on members of the opposite sex. Their inner self hums something like, “Love me or hate me, it's still an obsession...” Be careful not to compete with a Libra for someone's attention, as they always get what they need. Even if to do this they have to spread the most unpleasant rumors about you!
Scorpio (October 24 - November 22): Crazy level - 40%!
The fact is that Scorpios... sting painfully. Outsiders often praise representatives of this sign for their resourcefulness and intuition. But what about those who know them much better? Let's just say that there is no one who hasn't been burned by a Scorpio. Rightfully considered the most sensual sign of the Zodiac, Scorpio gives amazingly beautiful courtship, but few people manage to curb his irrepressible sexuality.
Sagittarius (November 23 - December 22): Crazy level - 50%!
Sagittarians always fight for truth and independence. They value their freedom so much that they are capable of losing all their friends and family in the process of this struggle. If Sagittarius is inspired by some idea, you better immediately step aside and not interfere!
Capricorn (December 23 - January 20): Crazy level - 60%!
Capricorns thrive wherever professionalism is valued. This sign is extremely organized and hardworking, which means that these intellectuals are ready to take on any task with passion. But Capricorns are completely unable to relax their rigid demands when working on a group project. If your idea is better, they are unlikely to approve it. The same rule applies to their personal life. With Capricorns, you will always have big problems when choosing a restaurant or cinema. They will only go where they like, or even stay at home!
Aquarius (January 21 - February 19): Crazy level - 20%!
Carefree Aquarius is a real prototype of a crazy professor who is completely unaware of the realities of life. This air sign calmly opens the door to strangers or overpays a tidy sum at the dentist (even if the cost of the service was discussed in advance). This is what Aquarius is all about!
Pisces (February 20 - March 20): Crazy level - 10%!
Of all the zodiac signs, Pisces are the least crazy. You can always count on these honest and compassionate people in any situation. Pisces are ready to step on the throat of their own song, just to brighten up someone’s day, and at the same time they will also apologize for keeping themselves waiting for a long time. This is what makes them the most sensible (and nice) representatives of the Zodiac Circle.
Do you agree with this crazy horoscope?
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Madness in culture
Since ancient times, madness has terrified people. To understand this, just look at the frightening images of the gods of madness, which were worshiped by various nationalities. In Ancient Greece, Pan and Mania, who lived on Olympus, were considered the embodiment of clouded consciousness.
The Hellenes depicted Mania with an inadequate smile on his lips, a protruding tongue and a complete lack of awareness in his eyes. She was known for her ability to intoxicate with some kind of uncontrollable desire: she could “give” a person an insane passion for money or unreasonable self-confidence.
The deity, named Pan, shocked his own mother when he was born: the boy was born with horns, hooves and a beard like a goat. When he came out of his mother’s womb, he immediately began to dance. He became the patron saint of the shepherds, but they did not receive any support from him, because all he did was terrify the unfortunate people with incomprehensible sounds and screams, preventing them from sleeping at noon.
The names of these mythical heroes served as the names for the two main psychiatry terms that characterize madness. Mania is a person’s strong passion for something , persistent thoughts about the object of desire. There is also a disorder called panic attacks, which is characterized by causeless uncontrollable attacks of terror.
Not knowing anything about mental illness, people believed that they had an otherworldly origin. Some believed that unprecedented inspiration could be found in madness . The Renaissance was notable for the fact that melancholy became fashionable at that time. Psychologists believe that this romanticization of madness is the other side of the horror that people experience in front of it.
Some poets and painters of subsequent centuries considered madness the most optimal means of self-expression. For example, Salvador Dali was proud of the “paranoid” style in which he created.
And nowadays, many women and men involved in creativity are confident that genius is only possible along with madness. It is not surprising that a new word has recently appeared in dictionaries - creativity, derived from the English “crazy” (crazy).
Mental disorders have attracted the attention of the intelligentsia for centuries, and now interest in them continues.
Which zodiac sign has the most madness and craziness?
We are all very different in character. Some are calm, others cannot sit still. Our rebellious spirit is influenced by our zodiac sign. Now we find out how much madness is in each of us.
Aries
Aries are also extreme people. They love to take risks and do crazy things. New crazy plans are constantly ripening in their heads, which they almost always carry out.
Taurus
Representatives of this zodiac sign are also stubborn. They are always confident that they are right and prove it to the last. Therefore, in the eyes of other people they look a little crazy.
Twins
This is the craziest and craziest sign of the zodiac. You can never be sure what will come to their mind. The main advantage is that you are never bored with them. In their extreme, they are ready to go to the last point, so if you doubt your abilities, do not take risks with these people.
Cancer
Cancers have changeable moods. They can live a measured and calm life for a long time. But if they break out somewhere, then beware! They become unbalanced, commit various crazy things while intoxicated, and then suffer the consequences.
a lion
Leos love to be the center of attention, so they enjoy attending various events. Under the influence of alcohol they become violent. They don't have brakes, so try to stay out of their sight.
Virgo
Virgos try to be the best everywhere. They strive for ideals in all areas of life. They cannot calm down if things are not folded, and they will not fall asleep if they do not finish their notes. The desire to create an ideal reality drives them to madness.
Scales
Libras try to find balance in everything. But this does not apply to the opposite article. They are ready to do anything to get the object of desire.
Scorpion
Scorpios are gentle and sensual. They know how to love and enjoy love. Their madness manifests itself in love. They are ready to do anything for their significant other.
Sagittarius
If you try to limit Sagittarius's freedom, he becomes furious. When a new idea comes to his mind, he becomes a madman until it becomes a reality. Then calm comes, and everything goes as usual.
Capricorn
Capricorns' craziness shows in their work. They are very strict and uncompromising bosses. In their personal life they also try to keep everything under control. They never admit their guilt, because they cannot be wrong.
Aquarius
The level of insanity in these people is very low. They very rarely do crazy things and lead a quiet and measured life. They are easy to deceive.
Fish
These are calm and peace-loving people. They easily sacrifice themselves for the interests of others. There is practically no room in their lives for crazy and frivolous actions.
