Concept of deviant behavior
Definition 1
Deviant behavior is a unique behavior of an individual that deviates from established and customary norms.
The concept of deviant behavior appeared a very long time ago. Many scientists worked on it. But the founder of deviation was Emile Durkheim. The concept of such behavior was first associated with differences in concepts about how one should and can behave. Then this concept came closer to offenses that cause harm and bring problems to others. Another scientist continued to explore this idea. It was Robert King Merton. He believed that deviant behavior indicates that the individual does not want to develop, correct his mistakes, or work on himself. It was believed that people with such deviant behavior do not strive to help other people and do something useful. The concept of deviant behavior has always been and will be associated with the sphere of relationships between people.
Reasons for deviant behavior
All the reasons why an individual develops such behavior are quite diverse. These reasons simply subjugate the mind and will of a person, and then the entire personality as a whole. Such people lose self-control, composure, the ability to think soberly, and make important decisions on their own. It is worth noting that deviant behavior very often develops in a person such qualities as touchiness, aggressiveness, and extreme vulnerability. People with deviant behavior want all their wishes and requests to be fulfilled instantly. It doesn't matter to them how these desires are satisfied. Every type of deviant behavior has a bad effect on a person. This behavior makes the person too susceptible and unhappy. In addition, a person begins to quickly degrade. All skills, values, principles and guidelines disappear in a person.
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The main reasons for deviant behavior include:
- dysfunctional environment
- bad habits
Unfavorable environment influences human behavior. In general, a person is influenced by the environment in which he lives and functions. When a person is in an environment where he is constantly offended, hurt, humiliated, he begins to degrade. Most people in this case close down and no longer want to communicate or be friends with anyone. Such people simply lose trust in the people around them. A bad environment makes a person experience negative emotions and feelings. Deviant behavior appears after very cruel and unfair treatment of a person. A happy person who is not hurt or offended will not turn against the entire world around him. Successful people simply don't need it.
Deviant behavior cannot develop on its own. There must be some reason for it to appear. Bad habits contribute to the development of deviant behavior. Alcohol and drugs have a very strong impact on people's consciousness. This impact is always negative. A person who takes drugs begins to degrade, and very quickly. Such people cannot control themselves, their emotions, desires and feelings. They cannot see positive traits in the people around them and lose self-respect. These people very often communicate aggressively with friends, acquaintances, relatives and other individuals. A person who is already degrading pushes people away from him. He has fewer and fewer friends and new acquaintances. The people around you simply don’t want to meet such individuals. Deviant behavior simply cannot be hidden. Deviant behavior that occurs after prolonged use of alcohol also causes a person to degenerate. Relatives or friends of such people suffer and are very embarrassed.
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Character and its influence on human behavior.
Character is an individual combination of stable mental characteristics of a person that determine a typical way of behavior for a given subject in certain life conditions and circumstances. Character is closely connected with other aspects of a person’s personality, in particular with temperament, which determines the external form of expression of character, leaving a peculiar imprint on certain of its manifestations.
Character is manifested in activity, communication, and a person’s behavior. It expresses the subject’s attitude to the phenomena of social, labor, and personal life in various situations in which the subject manifests himself as a whole as a person. These relationships form an individual style of behavior. Character, unlike temperament, is determined not only by the properties of the nervous system and hereditary factors, but it is also formed under conditions of active influence on a person by the socio-cultural environment, depends on upbringing, social, interpersonal relationships in which he is involved and in which he actively participates. Characters in general are distinguished by their definiteness and integrity. A defined character is a character with one or more distinct dominant traits. In people with an uncertain character, such traits are absent or very weakly expressed. They distinguish integral and contradictory characters. Integral characters are distinguished by the absence of contradictions between the awareness of goals and the activity itself, the unity of thoughts and feelings. A contradictory character is characterized by a discord between beliefs and activities, the presence of thoughts and feelings, goals and motives that are incompatible with each other, conflicting aspirations, desires and motivations. In the structure of character, two groups of traits are usually distinguished.
The first group of character traits includes those that express the system of a person’s relationship to reality. The following main types can be distinguished: attitude towards other people, attitude towards work and its results, attitude towards oneself. Character traits that express attitudes toward other people include, for example, such positive traits as sensitivity, humanity, sincerity, and truthfulness.
The second group of character traits includes strong-willed ones, which determine the ability and willingness to manage one’s behavior in accordance with certain principles. Strong-willed character traits include such positive traits as determination, perseverance, determination, self-control, endurance, courage, boldness or, accordingly, negative traits - stubbornness, indecisiveness, cowardice. Depending on the development of strong-willed character traits, strong and weak characters are distinguished. Weakness of character is a negative quality, even if it is combined with a high social orientation of the individual.
A person’s character reveals his needs, interests, beliefs, and worldview. Based on individual character traits, it is sometimes possible to determine what exactly dominates in the structure of a person’s values: spiritual or material, narrowly selfish needs, interests; whether his beliefs and worldview have a socially beneficial orientation or whether they are based on acquisitiveness, the desire to enrich himself by any means, including violation of moral, ethical or criminal law norms.
Personality orientation.
Personality orientation is a system of persistently characterizing a person’s motivations (what a person wants, what he strives for, one way or another understanding the world, society; what he avoids, what he is ready to fight against). It determines the selectivity of a person’s relationships and activities and how the substructure of personality includes various motivations (interests, desires, inclinations, etc.). All these motivations are interconnected in the motivational sphere of the individual, that is, they represent a system. This system is individual, it is formed in the process of formation and development of the individual. At the same time, it is quite dynamic, that is, its constituent incentives (motives) do not remain constant, they are interconnected, influence each other, change and develop. In this case, some of the components are dominant, while others play a secondary role. Dominant motives determine the basic line of behavior of an individual.
The personality structure usually includes: abilities, temperament, character, will, emotions, motivation and social attitudes. The psychological structure of a person is a holistic systemic formation, a set of socially significant properties, qualities, positions, relationships, algorithms of actions and deeds of a person that have developed during his lifetime and determine his behavior and activities.
Orientation acts as a system-forming property of a personality that determines its mental make-up.
Direction is a set of stable motives that orient the behavior and activity of an individual, regardless of specific conditions.
The main role of personality orientation belongs to conscious motives. The orientation of the individual is always socially conditioned and formed through upbringing. Direction manifests itself in hierarchically interconnected forms:
Attraction, Desire, Aspiration (Aspiration is inseparable from feelings), Interest, Inclination, Ideal (the dominant motive of activity and attitude of the Personality), Worldview (the presence of a worldview is an indicator of the maturity of the Personality), Beliefs.
The need-motivational sphere constitutes only a part of the personality and serves as its foundation on which a person’s life goals are formed.
Personal abilities.
Ability is a set of innate anatomical, physiological and acquired regulatory properties that determine the psychophysiological capabilities of an individual in various types of activities.
Abilities are a measure of the correspondence of personality properties to the requirements of a specific activity.
There is a distinction between general and special abilities.
General abilities are required for all activities. They are divided into elementary - the ability to mentally reflect reality, the elementary level of development of perception, memory, thinking, imagination, will, and complex - the ability to learn, the general level of intellectual development, etc.
In accordance with the types of activity, special abilities are distinguished - graphic, artistic-literary, specific scientific (mathematical, etc.), practical-organizational, practical-creative, etc.
A high ability for a specific type of activity is talent, and a set of abilities that ensure success in a certain field of activity is giftedness. The highest level of ability, embodied in epoch-making achievements, is genius.
Giftedness, and even more so genius, is manifested in a highly developed intellect, non-standard thinking, in its combinatorial qualities, and powerful intuition. Figuratively speaking, talent is hitting a target that no one can hit; genius is hitting a target that no one else can see.
The prerequisite for brilliant achievements is creative obsession, passion for searching for something fundamentally new, and the desire for the highest achievements in various spheres of human culture. Gifted people are distinguished by early, intensive mental development. The development of giftedness and genius is facilitated by favorable social conditions that do not constrain non-standard personality traits. Society must be imbued with the spirit of certain social expectations in order for the corresponding genius to emerge.
Abilities are not limited to the knowledge, skills and abilities an individual has. They manifest themselves in the speed and strength of mastering the methods of certain activities and act as regulatory features of the individual.
The development of abilities should not be understood as a quantitative increase in natural inclinations, the maturation of what is given to a person by nature. The development of abilities is determined by the requirements put forward to a person in the process of his activity, the diversity and content of this activity. Each person has only his inherent abilities, both in individual types of activity and in broad areas of life.
The ability to perform a particular activity can determine a person’s aspirations for certain types of activities and manifest themselves in the form of inclinations. Along with this, each person has characteristics that are unfavorable for certain types of activities, an inability to do them. There are no good or bad abilities, there is an individual’s ability or inability to perform a particular activity.
From birth a person has no abilities. But it has certain natural prerequisites - the makings for their subsequent development in certain conditions.
The makings of abilities are the characteristics of the nervous system, which determine the functioning of various analyzers, individual cortical zones and hemispheres of the brain. Congenital inclinations determine the rate of formation of temporary nerve connections, their stability, and the relationship between the first and second signaling systems.
The natural prerequisites of abilities are multi-valued - on their basis, various abilities can be formed. Abilities are amenable to restructuring (recombination). This provides compensatory capabilities for mental regulation: the weakness of some neurophysiological components is compensated by the strength of others.
The psychophysiological capabilities of a person, his abilities are inexhaustible. However, not every person knows about their capabilities and uses them properly. Meanwhile, the highest self-realization of the individual is the main meaning of human existence.
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