What is motivation: types, definition and classification of motives

What is motivation: description

There is no clear definition of motivation. It is a set of external and internal motives that encourage an individual to act in one way or another.

The basis of motivation is the desire to carry out any action. It reflects the needs, interests and aspirations of a person, so motivation is always individual.

The main component of motivation is the presence of a motive. This is the standard (imaginary or real) that an individual strives to achieve.

Options for personal internal motivation

Internal personal motivation is the most effective, but also the most difficult option, which is suitable for strong personalities.

And here we are not talking about instinctive motivation at the level: danger - run, hunger - eat. No, now we are talking about actions that encourage us to rise to the top of Maslow’s pyramid, that is, move forward towards success, happiness, and health.

So, what can create strong internal motivation:

• Fear. Actually, fear was and is the most powerful motivator. This is the fear of poverty, hunger, failure. Fear of looking worse, poorer, fatter than someone around you.

The fear of disease forces us to exercise and watch our diet. Fear of failure to plan wisely and pursue goals. But for fear to become a powerful motivator, it must be very strong. So I don’t wish this on anyone.

• Desires, dreams. This motivator is somewhat similar to the previous one, but it has a positive component. Our desires, formed in childhood, adolescence or adulthood, perfectly stimulate us to move forward and look for ways to achieve our goals. The dream is to live in your own home. Working by the ocean. Travel in comfort non-stop. All this is real and achievable.

The only internal motivators can be the need for personal growth, the need to be needed, the desire to implement creative plans, and self-affirmation. There are plenty of options. Everything that comes from within is internal motivation.

But, alas, she is very rarely strong.

Therefore, we are looking for other ways. External or mixed methods of influence.

How motivation works: moving towards a goal

The main motivators that push a person to action are the desire to achieve something and the fear of losing something. The first includes all activities aimed at various achievements (purchase, search, victory), and the second includes the desire to avoid losses (time, finances, opportunities).

All others are derivatives of these 2 factors. A person commits all his actions because of one of these incentives.

For one person, going to the gym with a lot of people is a positive aspect, because there is an opportunity for communication, but for another, it is a negative aspect, because a large crowd of people makes him feel uncomfortable.

Motivating people to take action from the first minutes.

How to earn the favor of your superiors? Stop shifting from foot to foot near his office, come in and tell him what you need! But the first 12 words should be words of gratitude. Example: “thank you very much for finding time for me, I am very grateful to you...”. We have attracted attention, now the person will listen and try to help you.

• 3. Motivating people to take action: answer “Yes”

In the course of psychological experiments, it was found that if a person answered “yes” twice, then there is a high probability that he will say “yes” the third time.

Types of motivation in psychology

In psychology, there are the following types (types) of motivation:

• internal and external;
• positive and negative;
• stable and unstable.

These are the main types of motivational formations.

There is also active (diversive) and passive motivation. The first includes internal stimulation, the second - external.

External and internal motivation

They are also called extrinsic and intrinsic. External (extreme) is based on the influence of external factors: conditions and circumstances that do not relate to individual types of activity. Often the motivation for doing something is the positive example of another person. This is called a functional motive.

Internal (intrinsic) motivation has internal reasons emanating from life values: goals, needs, desires, etc.

Each of them has its own characteristics:

1. External motivation is aimed at quantity, and internal motivation is aimed at the quality of work performed.
2. When the external task is achieved, it ceases to motivate, and the internal one becomes even more active.
3. Intense motivation is a stronger incentive than extrinsic motivation.
4. As you gain self-confidence, intrinsic motivation increases.

Positive and negative

The main forms of incentives can be divided into negative and positive. Positive ones push to action when a person is in anticipation of benefit. This encourages you to perform your duties more efficiently and meet deadlines. Such motivation plays an important role in achieving high results and increases work efficiency. Motivation in a work team can be not only material reward, but also psychological methods of influence.

There are the following principles that confirm the effectiveness of positive stimulation:

• increasing the importance of the individual, leading to improved quality of work;
• increased motivation to take further actions after receiving benefits or moral encouragement;
• confidence in your actions and rapid achievement of success.

Negative motivation involves various punishments for failure to complete a task or poorly done work. According to research, long-term negative motivation leads to loss of interest in the duties performed, cultivates a feeling of fear, reluctance to act, reduces self-esteem and contributes to the development of complexes.

Accordingly, positive motivation stimulates action, and negative motivation strengthens discipline during the performance of an activity. The latter is not capable of revealing internal potential; its main task is to keep the individual within the established framework.

Negative motivation loses its power if it is not used in combination with positive one.

Stable and unstable

Sustainable motivation includes the daily needs of people:

• hunger;
• thirsty;
• dream;
• sex;
• communication;
• acquiring new knowledge.

A person consciously carries out activities without putting much effort into it.

Unsustainable motivation is weaker. It must be constantly supported by external factors.

Additional classification of motivation

The classification of motives is quite broad. According to psychological and sociological research, there are additional motivational types (incentives) - the basis of motivation:

1. Self-affirmation is the desire for recognition in one’s environment. It ensures personal development and awakens self-esteem.
2. Identification is the desire to be like one’s idol, the desire to match his set of qualities.
3. Power is the need to influence the activities of others, the desire to dominate and exercise control over people.
4. Procedural-substantive – the need for active activity, receiving pleasure directly from the process.
5. Self-development is a person’s desire to develop and improve. It is associated with self-affirmation.
6. Achievements – the desire to achieve better results, to become a leader in your field.
7. A prosocial motive is a sense of duty to society, the manifestation in the process of achieving a goal of such qualities as responsibility, self-confidence, tolerance, etc.
8. Affiliation - association: the desire to make contact, find new connections, maintain friendly relations with other people.

Each type is divided into several levels, which depend on individual conditions:

• the significance of achieving the goal;
• confidence in its achievement;
• individual perception of the result of their activities.

At different times, people's values, motives and capabilities differ significantly.

Did not get along? No problem. There are 2 options:

• 1) mentally give the unpleasant person a gift
• 2) imagine him as a small child

Both options will change your attitude for the better.

• Repetition is the mother of learning

Do you want something? Talk about it. Then repeat more forcefully. And further. And one more time. Eventually, motivating people to take action will work. They will believe in your idea and decide - why not? If he is so persistent, it means there really is something worthwhile there. Most advertising campaigns are based on this principle.

• Stop making excuses

Did you say no? Go away. A firm “no” is not explained and, moreover, there is no need to justify it. Stop feeling guilty, it's palpable. In some cases, explanations cannot be avoided. The ability to distinguish one from another comes with experience.

• Show you

When you get a promotion, do something that shows your former colleagues that you've moved up a notch. Give an order, make an order, publicly praise a subordinate. If they whisper behind your back and don’t recognize your leadership, make an indicative dismissal. A properly *motivated* employee will value you and obey you unquestioningly, increasing your authority.

Motivating people to act directly depends on this part of the techniques, which change your communication style and worldview. Start applying it and turn into that “lucky guy” who goes above and beyond, achieving his goals.

Effective communication with people

Content theories of motivation

Sociology and management often use substantive theories of motivation. Such concepts are based on the study of human needs, since they are considered fundamental factors in the formation of motivation.

Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory

This theory states that the satisfaction of all needs has a clear sequence: first, the needs of the lower level are satisfied, and then the higher ones.

Schematically they are depicted in the form of a pyramid consisting of 5 levels:

1. Physiological needs (food, water, air, sleep, etc.).
2. Security (stability, security).
3. Social needs (communication, love, friendship).
4. Prestige (career, authority).
5. Spiritual needs (knowledge, skills, art, self-development and personal growth).

Alderfer's ERG theory

Based on Alderfer's theory, people have 3 main needs:

1. Existential (physical needs, safety).
2. Establishing contacts (communication, belonging to a group).
3. Self-realization (career growth, creativity).

According to this theory, movement from 1 level to the next can occur both from bottom to top and from top to bottom.

McClelland's theory of acquired needs

In this theory, needs are reduced only to high levels:

1. The need for belonging.
2. The desire for power.
3. Self-realization.

Herzberg's two factor theory

Herzberg's theory provides for the presence of 2 factors that influence employee motivation:

1. Hygienic (retention) - conditions and nature of work, wages, relationships with colleagues and management.
2. Motivational (stimulating) - recognition, self-realization, climbing the career ladder.

How to motivate staff - step-by-step instructions

How to implement a motivation system so that it works from the very beginning and is protected from at least the most common errors?

Let's create an algorithm of actions.

Step 1. Inform employees about plans to increase motivation

Employees must be aware of all changes in the enterprise, and the introduction of a motivation system is no exception. Everyone should see the prospects and advantages of upcoming events, and most importantly, the benefits.

In a small organization, it is easier to make an announcement at a general meeting where all employees can gather. If the enterprise is large, then the general director sends orders to department heads, who, in turn, convey information to subordinates.

Step 2. Carefully study the staff members

Often, ordinary written surveys and questionnaires are used for this. They make it possible to determine employee satisfaction with working conditions, relationships in the team, everyone’s desire for career growth, etc.

However, we recommend conducting staff certification. This more in-depth study will help you identify the best employees, as well as divide employees into those who work steadily and with varying success, assess the level of knowledge and skills, suitability for positions and other very significant indicators.

Step 3. Analyze the motivation system of other companies

Studying the types of staff motivation in similar companies will be especially useful if you do not involve third-party specialists, but develop the program yourself.

Of course, you should not borrow completely ready-made schemes, even if they work well, because each enterprise and team has its own characteristics. But there is undoubtedly a rational grain in such practice.

Step 4. Approve the final version of the motivation program

Taking one of the systems as a basis, using the experience of competitors and data about your personnel, you can create an effective motivation system for your team.

Let us add that help or at least consultation from a competent specialist will not be superfluous. Especially if your team is small and there is no separate marketing service that would deal with such issues.

Step 5. Implement a motivation system

When the motivation program is ready, it again needs to be conveyed in detail to subordinates. Everyone should understand the system for calculating bonuses and bonuses and other nuances of the process.

Be sure to tell us about the main goal pursued by the set of upcoming events. When employees not only strive for personal rewards, but also feel like an important part of a larger process, this takes the quality of work to a completely different level.

The topic will be complemented by the publication “Methods of motivating staff.”

Process theories of motivation

They are designed to analyze how efforts are distributed to achieve a goal, and what style of behavior is chosen. An important factor is the conditions for satisfying needs: good pay and high evaluation of work.

Vroom's expectancy theory

According to the theory of expectations, to stimulate a person to activity, one need is not enough. You need to be confident that they will lead to the desired result.

Conditions influencing motivation:

1. Waiting for the desired result.
2. Reward for results.
3. Reward value.

Motivation increases in direct proportion to the increase in each of these factors.

In the absence of even 1 of them, motivation will disappear.

Adams' theory of equality of justice

The theory of justice states that a person independently evaluates the relationship between the efforts made and the reward received, and compares his work with similar ones. Making such a comparison can lead to feelings of injustice.

There are 6 reactions to injustice:

• reduction of effort;
• desire to increase remuneration;
• decreased self-esteem;
• an attempt to influence the workload and salary level of other employees;
• finding another comparison object;
• desire to change position or place of work.

Porter Lawler model

This theory is based on the fact that people’s motivation is influenced by many factors, including:

• effort expended;
• final result;
• remuneration;
• perception of reward;
• degree of satisfaction.

According to this theory, putting in more effort leads to employee satisfaction with the final result.

E. Locke's theory of goal setting

Locke's assumption is that goal setting is a cognitive process that has practical benefits. According to the theory, personal conscious intentions and goals determine human behavior. This behavior continues until this goal is achieved. Intention is a fundamental factor in goal setting. The author of the theory uses the term conscious goals and intentions to show that high goals lead to higher levels of performance.

The concept of participatory management

This concept proclaims the need to involve employees in the management of the company to stimulate them. There are 3 levels of participation:

1. Development of proposals.
2. Creating an alternative.
3. Decision-making.

This concept can only be implemented in companies with hardworking and creative staff.

Why is a motivation system being developed - 3 main goals

Among the tasks solved by any motivation system, we have chosen only three.

We advise you to pay close attention to them.

Goal 1. Attracting valuable personnel to the company

One of the main goals of motivation is to find new professional employees for your team. Moreover, the employee may be attracted not by the material factor, but by the presence of additional, non-material bonuses.

Example

Sergey received a job offer from two companies. The salaries, working conditions and work routines in the companies are identical. Then Sergey paid attention to the additional benefits and chose the company that pays lunch for its employees.

Goal 2. Retaining personnel working in the company

To put it mildly, betting only on new team members is unprofessional.

In order for the highly qualified specialists already on staff to work at your enterprise and not seek to leave for competing companies, they also need to be provided with decent wages, conditions and microclimate in the team.

Motivational programs will help assess the compliance of employee requests with working conditions and do everything possible to avoid losing good employees.

Goal 3. Control of employee compensation costs

The factor of expediency of the funds spent is also one of the leading factors in the economics of an enterprise. A rational remuneration system not only saves the company money, but also ultimately helps to increase the profitability of the business.

Read about other tasks of increasing motivation in the article “Staff Motivation.”

Theories based on a specific picture of a person

There are 2 concepts based on a specific picture of a person: “Theory X and Y” by McGregor and “Theory Z” by Ouchi. They describe the types of work motivation.

McGregor's XY theory

These are 2 theories in which the author compares the employee’s incentives and the behavior of the company’s management from 2 sides.

Theory X states that:

• people are naturally lazy and use every opportunity to procrastinate;
• a person seeks to escape responsibility, so he becomes an employee;
• he adheres to principles such as stability and security;
• sheds ambition as ballast;
• complete control, pressure and the threat of punishment push a person to work with greater efficiency.

According to Theory Y:

• work is an integral part of human life;
• good working conditions contribute to the development of responsibility and control over one’s actions;
• creative and intellectual potential is not fully used;
• Having achieved the goal, the person receives encouragement.

These are 2 diametrically opposed theories that have the right to life.

Ouchi's Z Theory

In addition to the previous 2 theories, American professor William Ouchi developed Theory Z. It is based on collective principles of motivation, according to which the incentives of employees should be influenced by the company’s values:

• coincidence of the goals of the employee and the enterprise;
• proper organization of work;
• dedication to the team and common goals;
• solidarity;
• confidence.

Positive aspects of this theory:

1. The vector of attention is aimed at motivating all employees.
2. The presence of managers in the company, their positive communication with subordinates.
3. Organization of on-the-job training.
4. Providing growth opportunities.

Disadvantages of the theory:

1. Excessive requirements for applicants.
2. Compliance with established principles, patriarchy.
3. Slow promotion.

Usage example:

1. — Hello, are you Marya Ivanovna?
2. - Yes
3. — Do you need to submit quarterly reports?
4. - Yes
5. — Could you suggest/do/prepare...?
6. - YES

• Take a break

How many times do bosses ask us to stay after work, on a day off, and without pay at all? A typical situation - the boss comes up, actively gesticulating, talks about how great it is that the company has employees like you and offers you to come on Sunday completely free of charge and do a ton of work for him?

In principle, you both understand that he does not have such a right. At the same time, he is afraid of conflict. If you refuse, your authority in the eyes of your subordinates will fall. Don’t take your eyes off, remain silent, it works to motivate people to take action – to express their point of view. After a couple of minutes, the boss will begin to speak more calmly. Remain silent, nodding every now and then. He will begin to explain, then make excuses, at the end he will apologize and go look for a new victim.

• Overcome hostility

Methods of motivation in practice

There are many ways to motivate, and they all differ from one another.

Staff motivation

Social motivation is a system of moral, material and professional incentives for an employee.

It aims to increase employee activity and productivity. The measures used for this may depend on various conditions:

• incentive systems at the enterprise;
• features of enterprise management;
• areas of its activity;
• number of personnel;
• management style, etc.

Motivation methods are divided into 3 groups:

• economic (material);
• organizational and administrative (following regulations);
• socio-psychological (following social interests).

The most effective is the carrot and stick method, which is practiced by many enterprises.

Student motivation

It is also important for students and schoolchildren, as it contributes to good learning. It allows you to set long-term goals, choose a behavioral strategy, and achieve high results.

Motivation in children and adolescents rarely arises spontaneously. In this regard, psychologists and educators have developed various techniques to induce motivation. They provide an opportunity to develop safely, learn and experience new things. These techniques include:

• attracting attention (interesting experiences and facts, comparisons, life stories);
• experiencing emotions when presenting materials due to their scale and value;
• making comparisons between scientific research and life experience;
• creating an atmosphere of scientific discussion, educational discussion;
• joyful experience of achievements;
• giving information the effect of novelty;
• equating educational materials to the category of achievements, their updating;
• application of positive and negative motivation;
• formation of social motives (the desire to acquire an authoritative opinion, to contribute to development).

Help in increasing staff motivation - review of the TOP 3 service companies

For those who are not strong in management theories, there are companies that professionally develop motivation systems adapted to the specifics of different institutions and teams.

There are also various kinds of training organizations - business schools, where you can get initial or in-depth knowledge in this area.

Meet representatives of this direction and choose the most suitable option for yourself.

1) MAS Project

The company that develops an effective business management system offers the most reliable solution - to teach employees planning, time management and many other things that make their work as productive as possible.

From the video posted on the site, you will learn about strategic planning tools - project management, tasks and salary amounts, regulations, goal maps and much more. The program will help you constantly be aware of the performance of each employee.

The MAS Project system is an online service that can be deployed both in the Cloud and in the internal corporate system. Your employees will have access to it 24 hours a day, regardless of distance.

2) Business Relations

With this company you are guaranteed to make a breakthrough in the development of your enterprise. Business Relations offers training, after which the level of employee motivation increases to the maximum. The main goal of the training is to create a cohesive team, eliminate conflict situations and inspire employees to a new attitude to work.

The company's specialists recommend starting training with the manual - after all, as you know, in order to harmonize the space around you, you first need to put things in order in your own head.

Order a free test on the website to assess your team and a call back for consultation.

3) Moscow Business School

The business school, located in Moscow, provides training not only in the capital. Seminars and corporate training in the business field can be attended in many cities of Russia, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Belarus and Vietnam.

If you need practical skills in business and management, feel free to contact one of the best domestic business schools that meets the international level. Diplomas and certificates issued here are valued both in the CIS and in the West.

The website conveniently provides a schedule of training events. For those who cannot attend in person, distance learning in the form of video seminars is provided.

Self-motivation

Self-motivation is the use of individual motivational methods based on personal beliefs:

• desires and aspirations;
• focus and consistency;
• determination to act and consistency.

The main indicator of correct self-motivation is the situation when, in the presence of great interference from the outside, a person does not give up and continues to move towards his goal.

The individual performs conscious actions aimed at achieving the desired result.

To motivate yourself, you can use methods such as:

• affirmations - a selection of positive statements that influence the individual’s subconscious and lead to a positive effect;
• self-hypnosis is an influence that has a person’s independent influence on his own psyche, the purpose of which is to create a new behavioral model;
• biographies of successful people are an effective way of stimulation based on studying the life stories of great personalities;
• formation of strong-willed skills - performing actions aimed at overcoming one’s own laziness, fears and reluctance to act;
• Visualization is an effective method that is based on the mental representation and emotional experience of achieved goals.

Self-hypnosis

Self-hypnosis can be effective only if a person has the ability to do so: he can influence his subconscious and psyche, causing the desired reaction and achieving a positive effect.

Biographies of successful people

Using this method is suitable for both children and adults. A person sees the full picture: there was a desire, then action followed, and then the result.

Visualization

Visualization is a powerful method of achieving goals, because thoughts tend to materialize. An important condition for its use is the presence of active actions to achieve goals.

Brian Tracy - goal building algorithm

1. Making a list of goals. Here you need to enter your goals that you want to achieve, as well as your cherished desires. Your list can have an unlimited number of items. Next, you should put a date next to each written goal. This will be the end point, the deadline for achieving the goal.
2. Prioritization. To do this, you need to select one or several of the most important goals from the list. These are the goals whose achievement will radically change your destiny. As a rule, they are larger in scale and require more time, effort and patience to implement.

Outline them with a marker, preferably bright, so that the color catches the eye. Give goals serial numbers. No. 1 is the main goal, then in order of importance and deadline. The main goal or goals require daily steps (actions) from a person. Secondary goals depend on the main ones.

3. Conditions. Think and write a list of things that will help you achieve your goal. Choose the most important points and complete them every day.

4. Aspiration, enhances motivation. Motives are the driving force. Answer yourself the question: “Why do I need all these goals?” The answer will certainly affect the speed of achieving what you want.

Ways to improve motivation

1. Track your progress.

Watch what you do and carefully take notes on every step you take. For example, if you decide to take care of your body, improve its shape, mark each exercise you do, highlight more complex movements, put exclamation marks when you have achieved some growth in this. Reward yourself.

Track your results, note that you do not stand in one place and the shifts, although not always colossal, are there. If moments of apathy occur, simply go back to the beginning of your notes and cheer yourself up.

1. Look for new ideas.

Try new ways, arrange stressful situations for yourself, think associatively, impulsively, load your brain with a search for meaning and ideas. Ask for help from friends and family, find incentive and your motivation will be unshakable.

1. Reward yourself.

Allow yourself to relax after a long day of work, allow yourself a delicious dessert in return for spending time on a difficult article or report. Praise yourself. You did it, you deserve it. The reward is a consequence of a good result, don’t forget about it. This will serve as good motivation in the future.

1. Stress method.

Some stress methods can also serve as good motivators. Bet with a friend that you can do this job in a certain period of time for a lot of money. Self-esteem will make you get up and do it. And with the winnings you will be able to buy yourself something new or invite a friend to a cafe. Buy your wife an expensive fur coat on credit. To get your money back, you will have to leave your “comfort zone,” flex your brains and get to work. Such “kicks” and circumstances will help you in a short time to get together, find incentive and get off the ground.

1. Make yourself a collage of motivational pictures.

This technique will constantly remind you of a good life, a desired item or status that you want to acquire.

1. Listen to positive and active music.

Music has the ability not only to relax, but also to motivate and saturate with energy. Tune into your work rhythm with the help of percussion music, your favorite artist or band.

1. Ask yourself the right questions.

There comes a moment of giving up and apathy. When you notice this, try to ask yourself questions: “What will this or that action lead to,” “Am I doing what?” The answers to these questions are also stimulating.

1. Remind yourself of the purpose for which you started the action.

Constantly returning to the main goal will help you get into the right frame of mind. Even if you are depriving yourself of delicious smelling fried potatoes now, think about how slim your body will be in a few months. You are tired and tired of working, think about your upcoming salary and possible bonus.

How will you motivate yourself? Let your Soul decide this, trust it! Let go of your thinking and let your intuition guide you!

Learn to separate your Goal from the responsibility imposed on you. Try to separate the usual platitudes from what is truly important to you. This will help you get properly motivated.

What determines the level of motivation?

Regardless of the incentive that helps a person move forward, the level of motivation is not constant and unchanging.

Depending on the actions performed, accompanying circumstances and other factors, its level can either increase or decrease.

Factors that determine motivation levels:

• the significance of the achieved result;
• faith in its achievement;
• personal forecasts regarding the implementation of the plan;
• own understanding and idea of ​​success.

Individual motivation is always stronger, because it is aimed at achieving clear goals and obtaining measurable results.

What non-standard ways are there to increase staff motivation - 4 main ways

Non-standard and unusual ways of rewarding employees are not needed to show the originality of management’s thinking.

A creative approach allows you to expand traditional motivation schemes and show attention to employees from different sides.

Method 1. Arrangement of a place to relax in the office

Even a small office needs additional space for changing rooms and rest areas. In this way, workers’ needs for comfort will be met.

Each employee will have the opportunity to drink tea or coffee during the working day without disturbing others and without showing their five-minute rest to visitors, if we are talking about an office where they work with clients.

In addition, during such snacks the atmosphere in the team is discharged, since employees have the opportunity to take a break from the work rhythm in an informal setting, simply chatting over a cup of tea.

Method 2. Award for good relations with colleagues

In a sincere, friendly atmosphere we work more fruitfully. In a prosperous microclimate in a team, everything becomes easier, creativity and mutual assistance flourish.

If management encourages this, the staff will be a true team of like-minded people, from which no competitor will lure away valuable personnel.

Example

established a rule - to pay a salary bonus of about $3,000 to a company manager who has developed friendly relations with employees.

Agree, this is a good incentive to reach a higher level of communication.

Method 3. Bonuses for vacation used for recreation

Often, instead of taking a vacation, people prefer to spend the money and time allocated for it on something else. Some people stay at work altogether, having received compensation, while others, instead of relaxing at the seaside, start another renovation or use their vacation pay to buy something useful for their home.

But human resources are not limitless, and everyone needs rest just as much as they need good nutrition. Without good rest, a person's productivity and quality of work decrease.

Therefore, some companies have the practice of paying compensation to those employees who replenish their physical and moral strength with the most rest. To do this, the employee only needs to present a voucher to a sanatorium or rest home and travel tickets. Naturally, for the period when he is on vacation.

An article about non-material motivation of staff will teach you how to motivate employees if the budget is not enough for generous material incentives.

Method 4. Encouraging marriages between company employees

An example of such motivation was provided by the Japanese food company Nihon Shoken.

In Japan, family values ​​stand almost above all else, and the company's management came to the conclusion that the more married couples working on staff, the warmer the atmosphere in the team will be, and this, in turn, will certainly affect the quality of work.

Alas, such a high level of relations as in Japan is rarely observed. Therefore, most Western companies are currently doing the opposite - introducing a ban on office romances.

You will learn about other types of staff motivation from the video.

Consolidating results and maintaining motivation

There are 6 main ways to achieve what you want. Each of them is unique in its own way and is used in connection with specific conditions. The most important principle of any motivation is to do what you like and benefit. Only such things allow you to gain satisfaction; they are supported by an internal desire, the desire to accomplish the task in any way. These are the recommendations:

1. Focus on the end result. Any task requires a special approach and considerable effort. Instead of focusing on the difficulties, you should remember the reason for which you will go all the way.
2. Think only about victory. You should start by doing easy tasks and then enjoy the results. This, firstly, will cheer you up and help you gain confidence, and secondly, it will fill a person with energy to perform further actions.
3. Do any difficult task. After you have successfully completed several easy tasks, you should take yourself to a more difficult task. If you postpone a difficult mission until the end of the day, it will smoothly move on to the next day, week, month. Thus, a difficult task will become almost impossible.
4. Take regular breaks. When a person has rested and feels a new surge of strength, it is much easier for him to start performing any task. Instead of spending hours doing tedious work, you should relax and get some rest. This will bring you organization and help you do what you love without being distracted by extraneous things.
5. Don't burden yourself with unnecessary troubles. Many people are often overwhelmed with goals and tasks, they want to achieve a lot quickly, but in the end they get nothing. The desire to be the smartest, most beautiful, the strongest is, of course, good, but you shouldn’t set such global goals for yourself. You should concentrate on one specific task.
6. Reward yourself for success. Often there is achievement motivation that needs to be stimulated independently. Small prizes for each correctly taken step encourage a person to continue to work efficiently.

How to increase motivation? Everything depends on the person and his desire, it must come directly from the soul. Human motivation is, first of all, perseverance, patience, the ability to work, the ability to understand one’s needs, and the ability to control the situation. Only those people who have good motivation are able to realize themselves in life.

Definition of concepts

External motivation is an incentive to activity through external forces. That is, a person perceives the reasons for his behavior as imposed, and considers himself just a pawn. Such motivation is regulated by external material and psychological conditions: money, reward and even punishment. The motivation to action is based on incentives that arise from the current situation.

Intrinsic motivation is determined by the needs for competence and personal choice, which are leading for the human “I”. With this type of motivation, people understand that they are the true cause of what is being done, and perceive themselves as an effective agent when interacting with the environment. That is, in the case of internal motivation, needs, interests, intentions, goals, desires, self-confidence, the possibility of self-realization, and a sense of satisfaction from work are used.

Let's consider each type of motivation separately.

Modern Z Ouchi Theory

The concept of motivation differs in many cultures. Japanese experiments in the field of psychology and medicine prompted the brilliant American psychologist William Ouchi to create his own model Z. It is based on the principle of collectivism, when a person is presented not as a separate element, but as an important part of the entire mechanism. And if he refuses his work, then the whole device will immediately collapse.

To use Theory Z, you need to understand that most employees like to work in a team rather than handle a difficult task alone. In addition, employees are firmly confident that the employer will take care of them, and they, in turn, will do a high-quality job. Model Z will actively develop if the company meets the wishes of employees. The manager must give employees the opportunity to improve their skills and get promoted up the career ladder.

Mutual understanding and mutual commitment are the main principles of motivation, the key to a successful business and an excellent tool for stimulating employees. Employees interested in increased pay, receiving awards and badges, bonuses and changing positions will strengthen the company’s position and promote it to a leading position.

Applicable in this case are motivation methods that affect staff, students and the person himself. In all cases, it is necessary to focus on material incentives and compliance with moral standards. For example, students receive a scholarship for successful studies, and staff receive a scholarship for quality work completed on time. However, with self-motivation the situation is a little more complicated. It is always difficult to start, namely to find a reason for which all efforts will be made. Nevertheless, it is one’s own desire that can radically change not only life, but also the person himself.

The Problem of Incentive Reduction

Lack of motivation is familiar to many people. Experts name 3 main reasons that are associated with the loss of desire to achieve goals. By carefully analyzing them, a person can rethink his own behavior and find new ways to solve pressing problems. How to get your motivation back:

1. “Workout and proper nutrition from Monday.” Does a person believe himself when he says that he is going to go on a diet on Monday? Of course, it is much easier to postpone a difficult task until a later date than to start right now. In most cases, such ideas are not brought to life, and then disappear altogether. This is especially true for representatives of the fair sex. An excellent motivation for girls in such a situation: “I’ll start right now and finish the job much earlier.”
2. “I want to be unique now and forever.” A person strives to get everything at once, dreams of possessing luxurious treasures, having a magnificent figure and a loving family. But is it really possible to achieve all this right away? In reality, you have to choose what is more important and useful at this stage. But this does not mean that there is no opportunity to achieve other goals.
3. “I can’t do this because...” No matter what the answer is, people have heard this phrase millions of times. Instead of actually doing something significant, a person seeks to find a reason not to do it. And, as a rule, these very reasons are absurd and illogical.

How to develop motivation and fight your own laziness? Success doesn't just happen, it needs to be planned. Loss of motivation is a sign that an individual must reconsider his needs. A person must present a real picture of what he wants, set specific deadlines, see the goal and independently pave the way to it.