Modern psychology, its characteristics as a science


Planets responsible for human spiritual qualities

However, since the variety of motives of the soul is extremely great, it is quite reasonable that such a study cannot be carried out in a simple manner and without proper preparation, but will be associated with a number of complex observations.

For, indeed, the differences between the signs containing Mercury and the Moon, or the planets ruling them, may make a great contribution to the character of the soul; as well as the aspects formed to the Sun and angles by the planets which relate to the class of qualities in question, and, moreover, that special natural quality of each of them which is associated with the movements of the soul.

The spiritual qualities of a person according to his horoscope. As for configurations, positions in the east and at the point of the Horoscope, and especially those that are “facing”, are the cause of the birth of freedom-loving, simple, capricious, strong, noble, insightful, open natures.

How does the position of the planets affect the human soul?

  • Morning standing and climaxes make them calculating, patient, having a good memory, firm, intelligent, generous, realizing their desires, adamant, courageous, rude, difficult to deceive, critical, practical, quick to deal, quick-witted.
  • Advances and declines are given by souls that are easily changing, unstable, weak, unable to endure labor, emotional, shy, cowardly, treacherous, rude, gloomy, slow-witted, and difficult to rise to.
  • Evening stations and positions in the lower Midheaven and, in addition, in the case of Mercury and Venus, evening sunsets with a daytime birth and morning sunset with a night birth lead to the appearance of noble and wise natures, but with a mediocre memory, not distinguished by diligence and love of work , however, seeking to explore the hidden and unknown, for example, magicians initiated into the secrets of the mysteries, meteorologists, creators of instruments and machines, spell casters, astrologers, philosophers, interpreters of omens and dreams, and the like.

In addition to this, when the soul rulers we talked about at the beginning are in their own or close abodes or groups, they give soul qualities such as openness, the desire to overcome obstacles, spontaneity and efficiency, especially if these planets rule two at once. in places, that is, when they form any aspect with Mercury and are adjacent or separated from the Moon; however, if they are not so located, but are in places foreign to them, then their inherent properties affect the active qualities of the soul indistinctly, vaguely, incompletely and ineffectively.

At the same time, the influence of the properties of planets that are ahead of them or dominate them is strong and harmful to humans. The spiritual qualities of a person according to his horoscope.

Thus, people who, due to the influence of malefic planets, are unjust and vicious, will perceive their desire to harm each other with ease, serenity, without much remorse and even with pride if these planets are strong; however, if they are ahead of the planets of the opposite group, then these people are lethargic, inactive and easily punished.

And those who, due to the influence of benefic planets, are respectable and fair, if these planets do not overlap, become happy, have a good reputation due to their kind attitude towards other people and, without being subject to harmful influences, constantly win due to their justice; if benefic planets are dominated by their opposites, then precisely because of their gentleness, kindness and compassion, they will be the object of contempt and reproach, or even be easily offended by most people. This, in general terms, is the method of character research.

What is taken into account when determining qualities?

To determine psychological characteristics, it is necessary to take into account abilities, talents, interests, character traits, and type of temperament. Only by summarizing this data can a personality profile be drawn up.

Interests of the individual

Interest is the individual's attention to an object. Depending on the interest, the position of individuals and individual social groups in society is determined.

Interests are classified according to several factors:

  • according to their orientation they are divided into spiritual, political, social, economic;
  • Based on the medium, they are divided into group, individual, and public.

Many people confuse the concept of interest with inclination. Inclination is an orientation towards action, and interest is towards a subject.

Abilities and talents

Abilities are personality properties that allow the subject to comprehend any type of activity. Abilities are formed from inclinations and develop through training. Inclinations are determined by genes, abilities - by development.

Types of abilities:

  1. Intellectual - the ability to receive, retain information, and apply acquired knowledge in practice.
  2. Logical-mathematical - people’s abilities to understand the exact sciences. Relevant for economists, mathematicians, physicists, programmers, professional gamblers, accountants.
  3. Structural and technical - inherent in subjects who know how to develop new technologies, improve old mechanisms to simplify the life of new generations.
  4. Creative - depend on the development of imagination. People with creative abilities are able to visualize emotions, thoughts, and experiences.
  5. Interpersonal and communicative - allow you to quickly establish contacts with people. Expressed by a high level of empathy. Inherent in psychologists, businessmen, journalists, and politicians.
  6. Physical - people with such abilities know how to use the capabilities of their own body. They become outstanding athletes, soldiers, and dancers.
  7. Musical - allow you to feel the rhythm, independently reproduce melodies, and compose your own works.
  8. Literary - creative abilities that allow people to embrace composing original messages and works.

Talent is the ability that manifests itself most clearly in a person. To realize talents, you need a combination of successful circumstances, personal development, and constant practice.

Types of talents:

  • auditory - inherent in linguists and musicians;
  • bodily-kinetic - characteristic of dancers and athletes;
  • interpersonal - manifested in politicians, actors;
  • mathematical, logical - characteristic of programmers, analysts, scientists, mathematicians;
  • spatial - inherent to artists and designers;
  • linguistic - characteristic of journalists, speakers, writers;
  • emotional - characteristic of philosophers;
  • interactions with nature and animals are characteristic of farmers, trainers, farmers, and veterinarians.

Character and temperament

Character is a set of qualities that manifest themselves in a subject in relation to objects and phenomena of the external world. It changes and is formed in the process of life.

During the development of psychological science, many scientists tried to classify character traits. The most famous division into types is Carl Jung's classification:

  1. Introverted type. Such people are focused on their own experiences and interests. The opinions of others are not taken into account. Closed, uncommunicative, able to conduct introspection. They adapt poorly to changing situations in the surrounding world.
  2. Extroverted type. Individuals who pay more attention to others. Sociable, impulsive, proactive, cannot resist communicating with others for a long time. They quickly get used to changing life circumstances.

Temperament is a set of mental properties that influence the activity and behavior of an individual. Depends on the functioning of the nervous system. Hippocrates identified 4 types of temperament:

  1. Sanguine people are cheerful, balanced people who have an optimistic attitude towards any life situations. They are sociable and know how to cheer up those around them. They easily adapt to changes and easily endure difficulties.
  2. Phlegmatic people are reserved, calm, reasonable people. They do not like changes, have a hard time with changes in environment, and have a negative attitude towards violations of their comfort zone. During difficult situations, they show excessive passivity and lethargy. They restrain themselves when under stress and when communicating with other individuals, and do not like idle talk.
  3. Cholerics are bold, aggressive, unrestrained, and reckless. They love active, interesting work, and are workaholic if they are interested in it. They don't know how to wait, they are impatient. Born leaders who are prone to aggressive actions to achieve their own interests.
  4. Melancholic people are sensitive people who painfully endure any failures. They do not know how to adapt to changes. They constantly show pessimism, are jealous, and suspicious. They love creative work and put their own interests above all else. They do not like to communicate and spend more time alone.

Character is related to temperament, but these are different concepts.
Character changes and is formed throughout life; temperament is given to people by nature and is subject to only minor changes.

Mental qualities of a person according to zodiac signs

If we take the signs of the Zodiac in general, then:

  • The solstice signs determine the emergence of souls created for communication, loving a hectic life and political activity, seeking fame and, in addition, worshiping the gods, noble, active, inquisitive, inventive, quick-witted, capable of astrology and divination.
  • Dual signs give souls that are complex, changeable, difficult to comprehend, frivolous, unstable, fickle, amorous, versatile, music-loving, lazy, receptive, prone to changing decisions.
  • Stable signs produce souls that are fair, resistant to pestle, tenacious, firm, intelligent, patient, hardworking, inflexible, self-possessed, prone to hostility, intrigue, extortion, greedy, ambitious, cruel, inflexible.

Claudius Ptolemy

Concept of personality and individuality

A person is already born as a human being; in his genes, nature contains the prerequisites for the development of human qualities and characteristics.
The structure of the human body presupposes upright walking, the structure of the brain makes it possible to develop intelligence, the structure of the hands allows for the use of tools, and so on. This is how a human baby differs from a baby animal. The fact that a baby belongs to the human race is fixed in the concept of an individual. This term embodies a person’s tribal affiliation. An individual is a newborn, an adult at the stage of savagery, and a highly educated resident of a civilized country. Man is a biological being, an animal, which is endowed with consciousness, speech, and has the ability to work, as well as to cognize the surrounding reality and change, transform it. At the same time, man is a social being. This is an important sign, because social relations and social life, collective work have subjugated and changed the bodily, biological organization of man.

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The concept of “personality” is also widely used in psychology.

Definition 1

Personality is the socio-psychological essence of a person, which is the result of a person’s assimilation of social forms of behavior and consciousness.

A person is able to make choices and evaluate the consequences of decisions made, and have an active life position.

Natural features are important prerequisites, a necessary condition for mental development, but at the same time they do not determine the character, abilities, interests, ideals, and beliefs of a person. The brain, being a biological formation, serves as a prerequisite for the manifestations of personality, but they themselves are a product of social human existence. A creature that has a human brain, developing outside the framework of human society, will never become even a semblance of a person.

In psychology, along with the concepts of “personality” and “person,” the concept of “individuality” is also used.

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Definition 2

Individuality is the personality of a certain person, in its specific version, as a unique symbiosis of unique psychological characteristics.

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